There is a universal arrow of time.

I don't think this is actually accepted as truth by physicists.

That is mostly so because physicists know about falsifiability and are mostly ready to revise a theory for one that makes better predictions (provided it's not their own).

In particular, physics is supposed to work the same in reverse.

That's not what I meant. I thought more about something like Segals chronometric cosmology which "presents a continuation of the nonanthropocentric tradition, in that it distinguishes between the observed time x0, which takes the same form as in special relativity, and global time t, which is sychnonous with x0 in the short run ...". The development of the universe is usually pictured to have started with the big bang. But in Segals theory that is only because it looks that way due to the curvature. Every point in that universe model would see a different point (at 90°) as 'big bang'. Note that Segals theory was found to make wrong predictions, but that doesn't mean that other alike theories might be found which don't.

"Markets tend towards efficiency in the absence of outside influences."

That is exactly the 'non-locality of truth' meant by Nancy. The question is: What (kind of) influences.

Capitalism requires continuous economic growth.

Why do you think this is true - or if you don't, why do you think other people think it is true?

I have heard this often. Ad hoc I can give only a German link: http://www.uni-protokolle.de/Lexikon/Wachstum_%28%D6konomie%29.html