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JayDee comments on Open thread for January 1-7, 2014 - Less Wrong Discussion
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One reason for the myth about dehydration would be due to "drinking plenty of water" still being one of the most effective things to do: If it's about the liver breaking down alcohol into toxic Acetaldehyde, drinking lots of water to flush it out.
Understandable mistake to go from "more water fixes the problem" to "problem must've been not enough water (dehydration.)"
This was how it was discussed in my university chemistry class. Also mentioned: a similar breakdown (same enzymes or whatnot) happens with methanol, and the breakdown products (formaldehyde and then methanoic acid) are stronger / more toxic than those of ethanol (acetaldehyde / acetic acid.)
How? I'm pretty sure that contrary to popular belief, water can't simply be used to flush stuff out, the metabolite also has to be in a form that can be excreted by the kidneys, and even then extra water might have no effect whatsoever. This is basic physiology found in any textbook on the subject.
I tried to google if kidneys might excrete some of the acetaldehyde, but found no answer.
I had reservations about including that sentence, because I only have a vague idea which completely lacks details about mechanisms. And flushing seems like a folk-explanation rather than a science-explanation.
The other vague idea was that drinking more water means the toxins are more dilute, but I have even less confidence in that.
More dilute compared to the (cellular) mass of a person? That's a rather lot of water.