Well, in analytic number theory, for example, there are many heuristic arguments that have a causality like flavor; however, the proofs of the statements in question are frequently unrelated to the heuristics.
Also, this is a discussion about the causal relationship between a theorem and its proof.
I don't know much about analytic number theory, could you be more specific? I didn't follow the discussion you linked very well, because they say things like "Pearlian causality is not counterfactual", or think that there is any relationship between implication and causation. Neither is true.
If you want people to ask you stuff reply to this post with a comment to that effect.
More accurately, ask any participating LessWronger anything that is in the category of questions they indicate they would answer.
If you want to talk about this post you can reply to my comment below that says "Discussion of this post goes here.", or not.