Yes, though that really got started with Euclid, who post-dates Aristotle. It's with Plato and Aristotle that the Greeks really set them-selves apart. I don't think we'd be reading any of the rest of it if it weren't for them.
Euclid is merely the first whose work has survived to the modern day. If tradition is to be believed, Thales and Pythagoras provided proofs of non-intuitive results from intuitive one. Furthermore, Hippocrates of Chios wrote a systematic treatment starting with axioms. All three predated Plato.
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