Moore's original formulation referred to transistors per area per dollar, yes. However, the same exponential growth has been seen in, for example, memory per dollar, storage per dollar, CPU cycles per second per dollar, and several others; and the phrase "Moore's Law" has come to encompass these other doublings as well.
If it's about all of these things, it doesn't seem very useful to say it's broken down if it only stops working in one of these areas and continues in the others.
There's a long article in this week's The Economist:
The onrushing wave
discussing the effect of changing technology upon the amount of employment available in different sectors of the economy.
Sample paragraph from it:
(There's a summary online of their previous book: Race Against The Machine: How the Digital Revolution is Accelerating Innovation, Driving Productivity, and Irreversibly Transforming Employment and the Economy)
What do people think are society's practical options for coping with this change?