Weiss & Shanteau, "Decloaking the privileged expert."

When seeking help or advice, one naturally wishes to get that aid from someone who does the task well, from an expert. Determining whether someone merits that label is not trivial, and the judgment can have important consequences. Experts in most domains, from athletes to plumbers, need to exhibit a high level of performance to maintain their status. But there is another group of professionals that is never examined. The expert status of such experts is conferred via criteria such as education or experience. While their credentials may be challenged, their work itself is not seen to bear upon their status. We refer to this group as privileged experts. These experts make assessments or predictions whose correctness is rarely evaluated. Even if prophecy fails, errors are forgiven. We account for this non-evidentiary perspective by positing a widely-held misconception that expertise generalizes. We outline a task-specific, performance-based, limited-term certification scheme that can supplant privilege.

I've read Squat Every Day by Matt Perryman four or five times, and I'm consistently impressed with how much I learn from it each time. The book combines practical strength training advice, history of strength sports, along with discussions on psychology, biology, chaos theory, systems theory, and probability.

• The Psychology of Invention in the Mathematical Field, Jacques Hadamard (1945; review)
• The City of Falling Angels, Berendt (2000; review)
• Six Memos For The Next Millennium, Italo Calvino (1985)

I've made my own recommended rationalist reading list, which I give to new initiates of the Conspiracy. No textbooks, popular level work only. Feedback of any sort encouraged.

Here

All of P. G. Wodehouse's Jeeves stories, in approximate chronological order. (Currently in the middle of The Mating Season.) They are really very fine comic writing indeed.

The Bride of Death by Tim Pratt-- this is an urban fantasy series with a pleasant mixture of wiseass and horror. I just ran into a mention of p-zombies. Anyone know whether Pratt hangs out in rationalist venues?

Brandon Sanderson's Elantris: engaging, but at times annoying due to a number of idiot plots, more prominent than in his later Mistborn series.

It's been mentioned before a couple years ago, but I highly recommend The Steerswoman's Road. Definitely what we would consider to be rationalist "fantasy", though as the protagonist applies logic and scientific reasoning, it becomes more of a sci fi.

From a blogger who explains better than I could: "Too much science fiction glorifies mere scientific fact and appeals to scientific authority. Such books are doomed to obsolescence as the state of the art passes them by. Rosemary Kirstein’s books, in contrast, are made timeless by their emphasis on the process of science, which anyone can do. The Steerswoman is a fun work of fantasy fiction with dragons, sword fights, and magic — and also a well-honed work of science fiction, demanding to know the answers to hard questions and the logic behind the magic. The Steerswoman lets the reader watch as the characters use the scientific method to discover the true nature of their world. I cannot recommend this book, and its sequels, highly enough."

The Incrementalists by Brust and White. About 200 people who semi-share a memory palace, have immortality of a sort thereby, know a lot about manipulating people, and work to make human society better, bit by bit.

Definitely sf for rationalists. Ends just before the really interesting stuff would start to happen.

• Diaspora, Greg Egan
• I Am A Cat, Natsume Soseki

Manga:

• Oyasumi Punpun (see TvTropes; dark and depressing - worth a reread but not sure I can bring myself to do it)

Ancillary Justice is one of the best debut science fiction novels of 2013. It concerns an AI that used to control a ship with its own humans it had direct control over. There are two alternating narratives, one when the ship is complete and another when the ship has been reduced to a single human. As you can imagine, much of the story involves the identity of beings that control numerous individual bodies.

The Martian, by Andy Weir. This was first published chapter-by-chapter on his website and was taken down when he got picked up by a publisher. (I found this out by going to link it on an earlier thread and realizing it wasn't there anymore...)

It is serious, well-researched hard sci-fi: astronaut goes on a Mars mission, basically everything goes wrong, he has to do something with the resources available. (Opening lines: "I'm pretty much fucked. That's my considered opinion. Fucked.")

Her is an interesting take on AGI/human interaction. There is no quick FOOM, but AIs evolve much faster than humans still. It is a drama/romance, so don't expect an AIpocalypse. Well worth watching, though the ending could have been stronger.

Live-action:

• Computer Chess (great world-building for a plot that did not deserve it)

Anime:

• Toradora
• Watamote (review)
• Garden of Words (review)
• Little Witch Academia (review)
• Hataraku Maou-sama! (review)

Outrageous Fortune, a New Zealand TV show available on Netflix Watch Instantly, concerns a lower class white family involved in crime and does an excellent job of portraying low IQ and sociopathic characters.

I've been listening to Midnight Memories, an album by One Direction. Listening to the music on this album always seems to significantly improve my mood.

Singularity by the Lisps - it's a song about the singularity.

Touhou:

• "上海tea" (堕悪祭怪&昼; '⇔LIGHT' {R5}) [electronic]
• "パンザマスト (instrumental)" ("o ben to box"; miskyworks {C82}) [instrumental]
• "けろけろハッピー" (堕悪祭怪&昼; 'XXXXX EX STAGE R-21' {C78}) [trance]
• "イケナイ子守唄" (堕悪祭怪&昼; 'いやしサンドバッグ' {東方不敗小町5}) [trance]

I have recently started reading the blog Mr.Money Mustache. It is about early retirement, but many of the lessons can be applied to earning to give. The blog makes good use of hedonic psychology and some basic rationality techniques (like actually using math).

Tower of God is a great webtoon/manhwa for people who like games with simple rules that lead to complex stategies, small group politics, and action. There's a lot of complex world building and lots of twits which makes the plot diffult to explain, but here's a basic overview. The story follows Baam who grew up in a cave with only a single friend, Rachel. One day Rachel decides to excape the caves by climbing the Tower, so that she can see the stars. Each floor of the Tower has a test (or series of tests) you have to pass in order to advance to the next level. People who reach the top of the tower are rewarded with immense supernatual power and social status. Thus many people attemp to climb it even though the second floor alone has a worse than 50% mortality rate and your chances of reaching the top are on par with winning the lottery. Baam attempts to follow her into the tower, but gets seperated from her and dragged into on of the tower's internal politcal stuggles. ETA- The link at the topic is to the official site, but Batoto also has a very high quality fan translation which is quite a bit a head of the official English version (several hundred chapters vs 11).

/r/rational is a subreddit originally started by the fans of Harry Potter and the Methods of Rationality. Currently it's dedicated to discussions of "smart fiction", including rationalist fiction and hard scifi.

Go check out The Gamer. It's about a guy who gets magic powers (though he can't reveal them to the public or else the source tries to kill him), and actually behaves sanely (actually thinks "how can I use this to help ordinary people? Probably by focusing on healing magic and becoming a doctor."). Not quite rationalist fiction, but contains non-stupid characters and good humor.