Can you say what they believed about nutrition and diet?

I know that the Russians were recommending fish oil while the West was still advertising low-fat fish.

Do you have some source on this topic?

My memory growing up in the Soviet Union. In particular a spoonful of fish oil was the standard "disgusting but good for you" thing from children's stories.

If the Russian view of Geodakian's theory were similar, there would be the mystery of why the two communities hadn't shared their hypotheses with each other, but I wouldn't say that they held conflicting views.

Well, Geodakian's theory has obvious non-politically correct (by Western standards) implications. For starters, it says that significant sex differences exist and that this is a good thing.

I don't know much about the Red Queen theory, but for all I know it might have also had politically incorrect (by Soviet standards) implications, e.g., contradicting some official interpretation of dialectical materialism.