Well, I haven't really thought about it, but what first comes to mind when thinking of prehistoric humans vs modern people, is that they were "tough" because their life was very hard, and we're quite "wimpy" because our lives aren't. The worst that can happen to modern people, and the worst that can happen to cavemen, are pretty much the same thing, but our overall lives are far easier and so there's much more contrast.
Perhaps it is a neurological response that causes debilitating disorder to modern people, but which merely made cavemen a little wary of going outside for non-essentials.
This seems like it should be testable. There may be no cavemen around, but there are still uncontacted and recently-contacted tribes, as well as whole countries where life is far harder than ours. I wonder what the statistics look like for those..
Since there are intelligent people here who follow the topic of evolutionary psychology, I'd like to hear opinions about some research from 2009. Particularly if this idea seems reasonable or not, but possibly other opinions that people might have about it.
The idea is a variation on one that's somewhat popular here: that some conditions usually regarded as mental illnesses (Asperger's for example) are beneficial, even adaptive. But the condition in question now is depression. Briefly, the argument is that depression, at least when it is a response to stimuli and not a permanent feature, can have the useful effect of encouraging more rational thought when this is particularly important, even at the cost of quality of life, and that this is adaptive.
Links: a Scientific American article, a journal article (which I haven't read, behind a $12 paywall). Here's the abstract of the journal article:
The full journal citation is Andrews, Paul W., and Thomson Jr., J. Anderson; July 2009; Psychological Review 116 (3), 620–654; doi 10.1037/a0016242.