Kyre comments on The immediate real-world uses of Friendly AI research - Less Wrong Discussion
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Absent other people getting their trades completed slightly ahead of you, getting your trades completed in a millisecond instead of a second is that valuable ? I'm not being rhetorical - I know very little about finance. What processes in the rest of the economy are happening fast enough to make millisecond trading worthwhile ?
I would have guessed a failure to solve a co-ordination problem. That is, at one time trades were executed on the timescale of minutes (or maybe even days or weeks once upon a time), and that at every point in time since, there has been a marginal advantage to getting your trades done a little faster than everyone else. At some point the costs of HST outweighed the liquidity benefits but on-one (alone) was in a position to back out without losing - the end result being major engineering projects aimed at shaving milliseconds off network propagation delays, and flash crashes.
I can imaging an alternative universe where, at the point when trade times got down under a second, everyone got together and said "look, this could get silly", and decided to agree that exchanges should collect trades arriving in 1-second buckets and execute them in a randomly permuted order. (Or does something like that not work for some obvious reason ?)
(Also, I would guess that HST does not divert "a good chunk" of the return from other people's investments - if it were more than a sliver, I suspect the co-ordination problem would have got solved.)
The benefit to the small investor is not really faster execution -- it is lower bid-ask spread and lower trading costs in general.
For example there was a recent "natural experiment" in Canada (emphasis mine):
(source)
Here are some informed opinions on HFT: here, here, and here. If you want a more sceptical, but still informed opinion, here's an example.
Thanks, that is interesting.