Theology is very easily observable.

Really, can you show me where?

1. Men are physically stronger than women.

2. Without modern science, paternity cannot be observed, only enforced (see (1)).

You left out a few important ones:

3. A man can potentially impregnate many women.

4. Having a man to help raise a woman's children greatly increases their prospects (this is the reason your (2) matters).

5. Unlike his sperm, a man's attention is a rather limited resource.

So, women would prefer to have children by an alpha male. They would also prefer to find a beta male to help raise them (they would like even more to have the alpha male raise them but see (5)). Men don't what to raise children that aren't theirs.