About the first point on pattern matching, I suggest you look at statistical inference techniques like GMM, DPGMM, LDA, LSA, or BM/RBMs. None of these have to do with Solomonoff induction, and they are more than capable of learning 'patterns expressible by language or logic,' yet they seem to more closely correspond to what the brain does than Solomonoff induction.

On each step, AIXIt loops over all programs of given length and selects the one with the best performance in the current scenario

Not precisely, but anyway that doesn't lead to 2^{length of program emulating human brain} for human-level intelligence.