This is a really cool idea. The things you need to do to get things right the first time in a novel situation varies heavily according to what the problem is. Programming would be useful for training yourself on many tasks since many situations need you to consider a decision and then decide on a series of actions that follow logically from the situation.

However, there are many other skills. To successfully complete some tasks, you may need an extremely good memory so that you can remember to follow all the steps. Others may require you to be free from biases, understand people and understand risk. For many situations, the best way to make decisions is actually intuitive and here the programming practise will be much less useful. But, it'd still be helpful for many situations.