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DanArmak comments on When does heritable low fitness need to be explained? - Less Wrong Discussion
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Some gene increases the size of the baby's head at birth raising the baby's eventual IQ by X, but also increases the chance that the mom will die during childbirth by Y. There will exist (X,Y) such that the baby having the gene will increase the expected number of great grandchildren that the dad and baby will have, but decrease the expected number of great grandchildren that the mom will have.
How big a selection pressure does higher IQ command? Wikipedia on Fertility and Intelligence:
Many local times & places have had a negative correlation between IQ and fertility.
Of course, fertility isn't precisely the same as inclusive fitness, but it's strongly correlated.
On the other hand, many women die in childbirth or suffer significant complications in many parts of the world even today.
Enough that Homo Sapiens has a brain volume nearly twice as high as Homo Habilis. (~600 cc to ~1200 cc).
I'm asking about selection today, or in the last few millenia, not two million years ago in a different species.