Cut doctors pay and hire more?

This seems to me like an instinctually bad idea, although I wouldn't be able to tell you why.

Aside from that, the first thing that comes to mind would be to create an incentive for doing surgeries quickly - the surgeon who's average waiting time is lowest gets a bonus - but that would have very bad, not good, horrible side effects.

Create specialised sub-professions without the comprehensive training costs?

This has, I think, the highest potential. One would need to fight against entrenched lobbies and status quo bias, but in theory it would help a lot.

Alternatively, a possibility could be creating a specialized administrative role in hospitals whose sole purpose is to organize doctor's time...but I would be surprised if it didn't already exist.