I doubt that. Comparing how often Thomas Carlyle's mentioned in English books relative to Ralph Waldo Emerson, John Stuart Mill, Charles Dickens, and John Ruskin — contemporary celebrity writers & critics mentioned in Carlyle's Wikipedia article by their full names — suggests Carlyle's maintained a respectable level of fame, even as his star's dimmed since his 1880s peak. (While the heavyweights, Dickens & Mill, consistently beat Carlyle, Carlyle roughly matches Ruskin, and in British books Carlyle soundly beats Emerson, who seems more of an American taste.)

As far as I can tell from Google, Carlyle wrote one novel, which he published as non-fiction. He was known for writing essays. A writer's reputation, when writing essays, depends on the correctness of his conclusions, not on his style. Carlyle's beliefs are now believed by most people to be incorrect. In any case an essay writer really isn't in this competition. If you want to consider them, though, add Pierre Bayle to the list of once-famous but now forgotten.

I wonder whether the Carlyle Group, a multi-national financial company worth $36 billion, really named themselves after the hotel...