Everything is heritable:

• Evolution:

  • "Divergent Ah receptor ligand selectivity during hominin evolution", Hubbard et al 2016 (Evolution to tolerate smoke poisoning, 350-45kya)
  • "Genetic Markers of Human Evolution Are Enriched in Schizophrenia", Srinivasan et al 2016 (Our evolution is not yet complete: evolution is still working out the kinks. Fortunately, we don't have to wait for it to finish the job.)
  • "Genetic Associations Between Personality Traits and Lifetime Reproductive Success in Humans", Berg et al 2016 (contemporary selection for personality traits)
  • "How cognitive genetic factors influence fertility outcomes: A mediational SEM analysis", Woodley et al 2016 (More on dysgenics in the USA: mostly mediated through education's effects on fertility.)
  • "Humans Never Stopped Evolving: The emergence of blood abnormalities, an adult ability to digest milk, and changes in our physical appearance point to the continued evolution of the human race"
  • "Rapid evolutionary response to a transmissible cancer in Tasmanian devils", Epstein et al 2016 (quick evolution through soft selection sweeps)
• "Phenome-wide Heritability Analysis of the UK Biobank", Ge et al 2016 (SNP heritability for 551 complex traits)
• "Identification of 15 genetic loci associated with risk of major depression in individuals of European descent", Hyde et al 2016
• "Associations between Polygenic Risk for Psychiatric Disorders and Substance Involvement", Carey et al 2016
• "Genetic Prediction of Male Pattern Baldness", Hagenaars et al 2016 (baldness GCTA of 52%, and GWAS with 250 new hits from the UK Biobank.)
• "Sweet Taste Perception is Associated with Body Mass Index at the Phenotypic and Genotypic Level", Hwang et al 2016
• "Analysis of Intellectual Disability Copy Number Variants for Association With Schizophrenia", Rees et al 2016 (more on the pervasive genetic overlap between mental illnesses/intellectual problems)
• "Heritability and causal reasoning", Lynch 2016
• "Genes, Evolution and Intelligence", Bouchard 2014
• "Prevalence of Congenital Amusia", Peretz & Vuvan 2016

Politics/religion:

• "Evolution is Not Relevant to Sex Differences in Humans Because I Want it That Way! Evidence for the Politicization of Human Evolutionary Psychology", Geher & Gambacorta 2016
• "Science Is Not Always "Self-Correcting": Fact-Value Conflation and the Study of Intelligence", Cofnas 2015 (scientific endorsement of the Noble Lie) Academia, liberalism, and propensity to blank slate beliefs like believing hens & roosters differ due to nurture:
• "Insane. Invisible. In danger. Florida cut \$100 million from its mental hospitals. Chaos quickly followed"
• "The Drugs Won: The Case for Ending the Sports War on Doping"
• "Incorruptibly Evil"
• "Is God an Accident?"
• "The Lie Factory: How politics became a business"
• "Intelligence challenged people and free speech"
• Stanislav Petrov

AI:

• "Decoupled Neural Interfaces using Synthetic Gradients", Jaderberg et al 2016 (DeepMind explainer; potentially allows for extreme parallelization of neural nets across GPUs)
• "Why does deep and cheap learning work so well?", Lin & Tegmark 2016 (Tegmark tries to explain from a physics perspective why deep learning works.)
• "Densely Connected Convolutional Networks", Huang et al 2016 (A new twist on highway/residual/fractal networks, with further records set on image tasks.)
• "How To Save Mankind From The New Breed of Killer Robots" (Tool AIs want to become agent AIs.)
• "Apprenticeship learning using Inverse Reinforcement Learning"

Statistics/meta-science:

• "How Multiple Imputation Makes a Difference", Lall 2016 (many political science results biased & driven by treatment of missing data)
• Fundamental theorem of poker
• "Dynamic Programming in Python: Bayesian Blocks"

Psychology/biology:

• "Long-Term Outcomes Associated with Traumatic Brain Injury in Childhood and Adolescence: A Nationwide Swedish Cohort Study of a Wide Range of Medical and Social Outcomes", Sariaslan et al 2016 (Terrifyingly large within-family estimates, and the risk increases with age in adolescence.)
• "Heads or tails: the impact of a coin toss on major life decisions and subsequent happiness", Levitt 2016 (You can randomize anything if you're sufficiently clever about it - even having babies, quitting jobs, moving, or starting a business. Arguably, like computer chess or 'comfort zone expansion', this suggests humans may be too risk-averse: the people on the margin, the 6% who apparently could be swayed by a coin flip, should be making these decisions more often, suggesting a bias towards the status quo.)
• "The Long-Term Impact of International Migration on Economic Decision-Making: Evidence from a Migration Lottery and Lab-in-the-Field Experiments", Gibson et al 2016 (Many traits are stable. Migrants aren't going to become more patient, intelligent, peaceful, pro-capitalism, or long-term oriented just because they've immigrated to your country.)
• "To Study or to Sleep? The Academic Costs of Extra Studying at the Expense of Sleep", Gillen-O'Neel et al 2013
• "We Add Near, Average Far"