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When I got the idea a long time ago, it was a single person's position and was called something like "Minister of Dissent." The idea was that a lot of useful criticism comes in bothersome packages, and having someone with a dual role of enforcing discourse standards and improving the relevant skills of people not meeting those standards would do more to lead to good discussion than just enforcing the standards. I was quickly convinced that this would be an especially draining job, and that it was better to have a team of people, such that they could do it only sometimes / not feel like they're always on the hook to steelman or help someone write a better comment.
I haven't come up with a better name yet than 'Sunshine Regiment' for pointing at the dual functionality of the moderation team, and am open to suggestions.
Not sure why you want to find a different expression for "moderators", but other than online I think that people with this dual role are conventionally called "reviewers" (as e.g. in the peer review context) or, maybe, "editors".