He personally had the experience of believing "If the last day where I remember having gone to bed was a Tuesday today shouldn't be Monday but Wednesday". Before the belief got challenged by hard reality I have never paid any conscious attention to the belief. Getting it challenged on the other hand produced one of the three stongest feelings of cognitive dissonce that I felt in my life.

We all have a bunch of beliefs which a very reasonable but for which they are edge cases where the beliefs don't hold.

I think the common term for those beliefs is "common sense".

Then there a other little area of believes that we commonly call "perception". If I see a red carpet I believe that the carpet is red. It doesn't necessarily have to be and there a psychological tricks that one can use to give people false perceptions.