I am confused. In your example what are you saying your observation is, and do you consider it true or false? Also, what do you consider "known" before the observation?
what are you saying your observation is
I observe that the reading on the scale is "51g," as I said in the first place.
do you consider it true or false?
Yes. True.
what do you consider "known" before the observation?
All kinds of things. In the case with a standard 50g callibration weight, that includes the mass of the weight.
Another month, another rationality quotes thread. The rules are: