Chess fundamentals by Capablanca. Still the best book on learning positional chess, and in general "good taste" in position evaluation. There is a certain clarity of thought in this book. I am not sure how useful it is or whether it can "rub off."
Available for free.
I think there are some vaguely autobiographical things by Botvinnik on preparing for matches, but it's more about discipline than thought habits.
Another month, another rationality quotes thread. The rules are: