It's great to get in the habit of knowing these biases and looking for them.
One important point is to beware of the meta-bias (actually an instance of confirmation bias): it's all too easy to use biases to knock down an argument that you're already against, and ignore the biases in your own reasoning.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_common_misconceptions
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fallacies
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_memory_biases
I know the trend here is against simple links as top-level posts, but I think these links are powerful enough to stand on their own. I would be very surprised if most people here have already read all of these links. Also, it seems like a good sign that this somehow got modded up to 1 while sitting in my drafts folder.
Thanks to Lone Gunman for the links.