Comment author: Eudoxia 14 October 2012 04:23:10PM 3 points [-]

I cannot believe nobody has recommended David Zindell yet! His work is a masterpiece of transhumanist fiction.

His Requiem for Homo Sapiens series is preceded by a short story Shanidar, you should read it first to get a taste of what's next. If you want more, then the next four books are:

  • Neverness
  • The Broken God (My personal favorite)
  • The Wild (IMHO the worst of the series, but Nikolos Daru Ede is just lovable)
  • War in Heaven

I'll second After Life, it's very short but definitely one of my favorite pieces of h+ fiction. The work of Cordwainer Smith (He only wrote a novel and a few short stories) could also be considered transhumanist fiction, as it includes genetically-engineered super-furries.

Sirius, by Olaf Stapledon, is also a very, very good (And rather depressing) novel about an uplifted dog. In the short story deparment, my personal favorite (Even better than Shanidar) is Fermi's Urbex Paradox, a real must-read about a posthuman who travels around the galaxy investigating the remains of civilizations and provides an answer for the Fermi Paradox. Crystal Nights, by Greg Egan, is also good.

Full list

Comment author: Eudoxia 24 September 2012 06:26:45PM 12 points [-]

Is there anything else you would recommend be discussed before I make that initial payment and set the ball in motion?

Sure, the fact that Ben Best experimented on a patient, ruining his perfusion (Emphasis mine):

My dear friend and mentor Curtis Henderson was little more than straight frozen because CI President Ben Best had this idea that adding polyethylene glycol to the CPA solution would inhibit edema. Now the thing is, Ben had been told by his own researchers that PEG was incompatible with DMSO containing solutions, and resulted in gel formation. Nevertheless, he decided he would try this out on Curtis Henderson. He did NOT do any bench experiments, or do test mixes of solutions, let alone any animal studies to validate that this approach would in fact help reduce edema (it doesn’t). Instead, he prepared a batch of this untested mixture, and AFTER it gelled, he tried to perfuse Curtis with it.

Mike Darwin believes they are providing substandard care, certainly not enough to ensure the possibility of revival.

And they go pretty badly. Go to: http://cryonics.org/refs.html#cases and start reading the case reports posted there. That’s pretty much my working definition of horrible. It seems apparent to me that “just getting frozen” is now all that is necessary for a ticket to tomorrow, and that anything else that is done is “just gravy,” and probably unnecessary to a happy outcome.

And the fact that they are licensed as a cemetery, and at any time the state can decide that cryonics doesn't work and thaw everyone.

Comment author: Eudoxia 13 September 2012 12:18:01AM *  2 points [-]

This would be a useful inclusion in a will. For example, add provisions and funds to transport you to another facility should the one you are in fail, and to another if the second is not available, ad infinitum until permafrost interment.

Eric DeMar did something similar in his will, to ensure his parents (Who'd been cryopreserved by Trans Time in the seventies) would be transported to the CI facilities. A very good choice, considering Trans Time's policies.

A separate decision tree may be included to cover alternatives to cryonics, if the entire cryonics decision tree is exhausted of possibilities: Brain-only chemopreservation as the first alternative, high-temperature vitrification as the second, and so on and on until you decide to simply have your body cremated.

Comment author: AstraSequi 09 September 2012 07:35:56PM 0 points [-]

As long as you recognize that clotting is a different process. =)

It's been a few years since I studied this, but as far as I know, the physiological significance of rouleaux (including whether they block blood vessels) is unknown - don't forget that they're in equilibrium with the non-rouleaux form. Although cold temperatures will slow down that equilibrium, and possibly cause the problems you're referring to.

Comment author: Eudoxia 09 September 2012 07:39:32PM 0 points [-]

As long as you recognize that clotting is a different process. =)

Of course.

It's been a few years since I studied this, but as far as I know, the physiological significance of rouleaux (including whether they block blood vessels) is unknown - don't forget that they're in equilibrium with the non-rouleaux form.

I wouldn't know, but Mike Darwin says they are harmful:

[...] irregular aggregation of RBCs rouleaux formation has a profound negative impact on perfusion.

Comment author: AstraSequi 09 September 2012 03:58:54PM *  0 points [-]

See the third paragraph of Coagulation - the diagram of the blood clotting cascade is on the right. I've never heard of rouleaux having a role in blood clotting - a quick PubMed search turned up this case study, but it was due to mutations in the protein fibrinogen.

I don't think it has any legal implications, at least the Best's article doesn't mention any.

I was thinking that since the drugs are dangerous (even more so if you're already in a weakened condition), it would be viewed as attempting to hasten their death. Especially if someone overdosed either deliberately or accidentally.

Comment author: Eudoxia 09 September 2012 07:07:36PM 0 points [-]

I've never heard of rouleaux having a role in blood clotting

They block blood vessels and prevent perfusion, which is why it's equivalent to clotting.

Comment author: AstraSequi 09 September 2012 01:55:59AM 2 points [-]

Blood clotting is not caused by red blood cells but by platelets. They do get caught up by the clot spreading around them and then act as parts of the barrier, but removing them too fast would actually increase ischemia because they're what carry the oxygen.

(By the way, I hope that the cryoprotectant solutions contain high concentrations of dissolved oxygen. Not nearly as good as having the actual RBCs, but you can increase the amount (supersaturation) by keeping it under pressure.)

Anyways, given that perfusion is already taking place (and this is removing all of the components of the blood including the platelets), the other option is to disable the blood clotting cascade, for example by administration of anticoagulants such as warfarin. I don't know if this is already done. You would also have access to more "extreme" types of anticoagulation, chemicals (or higher doses) that aren't on the medical market because the effects are normally too strong.

I suppose another option would be to suggest that the patient to start taking anticoagulants before death. I'm not sure whether that would have legal implications though.

Comment author: Eudoxia 09 September 2012 02:14:25AM *  2 points [-]

Blood clotting is not caused by red blood cells but by platelets.

I thought ischemic tissue caused RBCs to form Rouleaux complexes. Even without RBC's, ischemia causes plenty of changes that have effects functionally equivalent to clotting: Swelling of myocytes and the endothelium, subsarcolemmal and endothelial blebs, et cetera.

I suppose another option would be to suggest that the patient to start taking anticoagulants before death. I'm not sure whether that would have legal implications though.

This is certainly helpful and doesn't seem to have been done in past patients, but we're mostly talking about unexpected settings here, where no standby is available. I don't think it has any legal implications, at least the Best's article doesn't mention any.

Comment author: Eudoxia 08 September 2012 10:12:41PM *  1 point [-]

I don't know if you can make a perfusion pump fit into a shoebox, especially not without very good funding. I do remember a case where a standby team (With a slightly-more-than-briefcase-sized perfusion pump, I think it was this) was working on one of those resusci-anne dolls and they mishandled the pump, causing a whole mess:

I will add one thing that the reporter didn‟t because he had left the room to photograph some of the other CUK members before he lost his light to the setting sun. And that is that the venous blood reservoir bag in the circuit of the ATP exploded due to a misplaced clamp. The reporter apparently missed the timid request made to the meeting‟s hostess, Sylvia Sinclair, for a mop and towels to clean up the water that was all over the kitchen. While it is true that cryonicists often have no choice but to undertake to provide and deliver care for themselves, it is equally true that they should not attempt to do so in ways that make the situation worse for the patient than had they taken a simpler approach that was, in fact, within their ability to master. I had spent most of that day at the meeting trying to convince the CUK group that rather than the ATP, what they really needed was to use a simple, inherently „safe‟ open circuit system open circuit system equipped with a microbubble detector and auto-line clamp, to start cryoprotective perfusion as soon as was logistically feasible and to follow that with cooling of the patient to dry ice. Source (Emphasis mine).

If it were feasible (To make an automatic shoebox-sized HLM or general perfusion pump), it would be worked on, because then you don't have to pay all those expensive hemodialysis technicians (Trivia: Mike Darwin is one) and cardio perfusionists, who remain the only people capable of operating such machines in a manner that is safe for the patient.

Comment author: GeraldMonroe 06 September 2012 01:23:59AM *  0 points [-]

Yes, but it doesn't fracture everywhere. Hence, if you rewarmed a tissue that was cryogenically frozen, some cells would probably still be viable. Hence, my hypothesis that if you took samples from a current patient where things were done right, some of the cells would still be alive.

A related article : http://www.nature.com/ncomms/journal/v3/n6/full/ncomms1890.html?WT.mc_id=FBK_NCOMMS

Comment author: Eudoxia 06 September 2012 01:25:01AM 0 points [-]

What about a fracture that severs the brain in several pieces?

Comment author: Dolores1984 06 September 2012 12:29:24AM *  2 points [-]

We've done body transplants in primates in the past. Hooking up the nerves is still tricky, but we could probably figure it out. Also, cloning one mammal is basically like cloning another. There's really no doubt we could clone a human being if we really wanted to. The trick is that current cloning mechanisms have a very high failure rate, and nobody wants to deal with the pile of dead babies and fetuses that would come out of such a process.

Realistically, though, 3d tissue printing is probably the way to go. We can already do several organs that way, and resolution is essentially the only limit to being able to fabricate most of the rest.

Comment author: Eudoxia 06 September 2012 12:33:06AM 0 points [-]

Hooking up the nerves is still tricky, but we could probably figure it out.

Wouldn't this be tantamount to regrowing a transected spine? I'm not up-to-date on that area, but I don't think we can do that yet.

Comment author: Dolores1984 06 September 2012 12:27:02AM 1 point [-]

There's also whole-brain emulation, which doesn't require nanotech to function - just slightly better scanners, substantially better neuroscience, and exponentially better computers.

Comment author: Eudoxia 06 September 2012 12:30:16AM *  1 point [-]

substantially better neuroscience

We have plenty of models of neurons and some of them imitate neurons very well.

Eugene Izhikevich simulated an entire human brain equivalent with his model and he saw some pretty interesting emergent behaviour (Granted, the anatomy had to be generated randomly at every iteration, so we still need better computers).

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