Your mention of anxiety (disorders) reminds me of Yvain's general point that lots of advice is really terrible for at least some people.

As I read HPMoR (and I've read all of it), a lot of the reason why Harry specifically distrusts the relevant authority figures is that they are routinely surprised by the various horrible events that happen and seem unwilling to accept responsibility for anything they don't already expect. McGonagall definitely improves on this point in the story tho.

In the story, the advice Harry gives Hermione seems appropriate. Your example would be much better for anyone inclined to anxiety about satisfying arbitrary constraints (i.e. being responsible for arbitrary outcomes) – and probably for anyone, period, if for no other reason than it's easier to edit an existing idea than generate an entirely new one.

@wedrifid's correct your plan is better than Harry's in the story, but I think Harry's point – and it's one I agree with – is that even having a plan, and following it, doesn't absolve oneself – and to oneself, if no one else – of coming up with a better plan, or improvising, or delegating some or all of the plan, if that's what's needed to stop kids from being bullied or an evil villain from destroying the world (or whatever).

Another way to consider the conversation in the story is that Hermione initially represents virtue ethics:

"I would've done the responsible thing and told Professor McGonagall and let her take care of it," Hermione said promptly.

Harry counters with a rendition of consequentialist ethics.

Again, you're right about the advice being poor – in the way you mention – but I also think it's great advice if you consider it's target the idea that the consequences are irrelevant if you've done the 'right' thing. If you've done the 'right' thing but the consequences are still bad, then you should probably reconsider what you're doing. When aiming at this target, 'heroic responsibility' is just the additional responsibility of considering whether the 'right' thing to do is really right (i.e. will really work).

...

And now that I'm thinking about this heroic responsibility idea again, I feel a little more strongly how it's a trap – it is. Nothing can save you from potential devastation at the loss of something or someone important to you. Simply shouldering responsibility for everything you care about won't actually help. It's definitely a practical necessity that groups of people carefully divide and delegate important responsibilities. But even that's not enough! Nothing's enough. So we can't and shouldn't be content with the responsibilities we're expected to meet.

I subscribe to the idea that virtue ethics is how humans should generally implement good (ha) consequentialist ethics. But we can't escape the fact that no amount of Virtue is a complete and perfect means of achieving all our desired ends! We're responsible for which virtues we hold as much as we are of learning and practicing them.

It tells people to work harder, not smarter.

That's the part I'm not getting. All Harry is saying is that you should consider yourself responsible for the actions you take, and that delegating that responsibility to someone else isn't a good idea. Delegating responsibility, however, is not the same as delegating tasks. Delegating a particular task to someone else might well be the correct action in some contexts, but you're not supposed to use that as an excuse to say, "Because I delegated the task of handling this situation to someone else, I am no longer responsible for the outcome of this situation." This advice doesn't tell people how to fix things, true, but that's not the point--it tells people how to get into the right mindset to fix things. In other words, it's not object-level advice; it's meta-level advice, and obviously if you treat it as the former instead of the latter you're going to come to the conclusion that it sucks.

Sometimes, to solve a problem, you have to work harder. Other times, you have to work smarter. Sometimes, you have to do both. "Heroic responsibility" isn't saying anything that contradicts that. In the context of the conversation in HPMoR, I do not agree with either Hermione or Harry; both of them are overlooking a lot of things. But those are object-level considerations. Once you look at the bigger picture--the level on which Harry's advice about heroic responsibility actually applies--I don't think you'll find him saying anything that runs counter to what you're saying. If anything, I'd say he's actually agreeing with you!

Humans are not perfectly rational agents--far from it. System 1 often takes precedence over System 2. Sometimes, to get people going, you need to re-frame the situation in a way that makes both systems "get it". The virtue of "heroic responsibility", i.e. "no matter what happens, you should consider yourself responsible", seems like a good way to get that across.

I asked myself this because subsidiarity includes something that heroic responsibility does not: the idea that some people are more responsible - better placed, better trained, better equipped, etc. - than others for any given problem, and that, unless the primary responsibility-holder cannot do the job, those farther away should give support instead of acting on their own.

I agree with all of this except the part where you say that heroic responsibility does not include this. As wedrifid noted in the grandparent of this comment, heroic responsibility means using the resources available in order to achieve the desired result. In the context of HPMoR, Harry is responding to this remark by Hermione:

"I would've done the responsible thing and told Professor McGonagall and let her take care of it," Hermione said promptly.

Again, as wedrifid noted above, this is step one and only step one. Taking that step alone, however, is not heroic responsibility. I agree that Harry's method of dealing with the situation was far from optimal; however, his general point I agree with completely. Here is his response:

"You could call it heroic responsibility, maybe," Harry Potter said. "Not like the usual sort. It means that whatever happens, no matter what, it's always your fault. Even if you tell Professor McGonagall, she's not responsible for what happens, you are. Following the school rules isn't an excuse, someone else being in charge isn't an excuse, even trying your best isn't an excuse. There just aren't any excuses, you've got to get the job done no matter what."

Notice that nowhere in this definition is the notion of running to an authority figure precluded! Harry himself didn't consider it because he's used to occupying the mindset that "adults are useless". But if we ignore what Harry actually did and just look at what he said, I'm not seeing anything here that disagrees with anything you said. Perhaps I'm missing something. If so, could you elaborate?

Right, I thought you were RobinZ. By the context, it sounds like he does consider serenity incongruous with heroic responsibility:

I agree. I downvoted RobinZ's comment and ignored it because the confusion about what heroic responsibility means was too fundamental, annoyingly difficult to correct and had incidentally already been argued for far more eloquently elsewhere in the thread. In contrast I fundamentally agree with most of what you have said on this thread so the disagreement on one conclusion regarding a principle of rationality and psychology is more potentially interesting.

With my (rhetorical) question, I expressed doubt towards his interpretation of the phrase, not (necessarily) all reasonable interpretations of it.

I agree with your rejection of the whole paragraph. My objection seems to be directed at the confusion about heroic (and arguably mundane) responsibility rather than the serenity wisdom heuristic.

For me at least, saying something "can't be changed" roughly means modelling something as P(change)=0.

I can empathize with being uncomfortable with colloquial expressions which deviate from literal meaning. I can also see some value in making a stand against that kind of misuse due to the way such framing can influence our thinking. Overconfident or premature ruling out of possibilities is something humans tend to be biased towards.

I would call this "level-headedness".

Whatever you call it it sounds like you have the necessary heuristics in place to avoid the failure modes the wisdom quote is used to prevent. (Avoiding over-responsibility and avoiding pointless worry loops).

By my intuition, serenity is a specific calm emotional state, which is not required to make good decisions, though it may help.

The phrasing "The X to" intuitively brings to my mind a relative state rather than an absolute one. That is, while getting to some Zen endpoint state of inner peace or tranquillity is not needed but there are often times when moving towards that state to a sufficient degree will allow much more effective action. ie. it translates to "whatever minimum amount of acceptance of reality and calmness is needed to allow me correctly account for opportunity costs and decide according to the bigger picture".

My dataset luckily isn't large, but I have been able to get by on "numb" pretty well in the few relevant cases.

That can work. If used too much it sometimes seems to correlate with developing pesky emotional associations (like 'Ugh fields') with related stimulus but that obviously depends on which emotional cognitive processes result in the 'numbness' and soforth.

I would have given Harry a three-step plan: inform McGonagall, monitor situation, escalate if not resolved.

Your three step plan seems much more effective than Harry's shenannigans and also serves as an excellent example of heroic responsibility. Normal 'responsibility' in that situation is to do nothing or at most take step one.

Heroic responsibility doesn't mean do it yourself through personal power and awesomeness. It means using whatever resources are available to cause the desired thing to occur (unless the cost of doing so is deemed too high relative to the benefit). Institutions, norms and powerful people are valuable resources.

Did we read the same story? Harry has lots of evidence that McGonagall isn't in fact trustworthy and in large-part it's because she doesn't fully accept heroic responsibility and is too willing to uncritically delegate responsibility to others.

I also vaguely remember your point being addressed in HPMoR. I certainly wouldn't guess that Harry wouldn't understand that "there are no rational limits to heroic responsibility". It certainly matters for doing the most good as a creature that can't psychologically handle unlimited responsibility.

As you point out - and eli-sennesh points out, and the trope that most closely resembles the concept points out - 'heroic responsibility' assumes that everyone other than the heroes cannot be trusted to do their jobs.

This would only be true if the hero has infinite resources, actually able to redo everyone's work. In practice, deciding how your resources should be allocated requires a reasonably accurate estimate of how likely everyone is to do their job well. Swimmer963 shouldn't insist on farming her own wheat for her bread (like she would if she didn't trust the supply chain), not because she doesn't have (heroic) responsibility to make sure she stays alive to help patients, but because that very responsibility means she shouldn't waste her time and effort on unfounded paranoia to the detriment of everyone.

The main thing about heroic responsibility is that you don't say "you should have gotten it right". Instead you can only say "I was wrong to trust you this much": it's your failure, and whether it's a failure of the person you trusted really doesn't matter for the ethics of the thing.

Well, let's imagine a system which actually is -- and that might be a stretch -- intelligently designed.

This means it doesn't say "I diagnose this patient with X". It says "Here is a list of conditions along with their probabilities". It also doesn't say "No diagnosis found" -- it says "Here's a list of conditions along with their probabilities, it's just that the top 20 conditions all have probabilities between 2% and 6%".

It also says things like "The best way to make the diagnosis more specific would be to run test A, then test B, and if it came back in this particular range, then test C".

A doctor might ask it "What about disease Y?" and the expert system will answer "It's probability is such-and-such, it's not zero because of symptoms Q and P, but it's not high because test A came back negative and test B showed results in this range. If you want to get more certain with respect to disease Y, use test C."

And there probably would be button which says "Explain" and pressing it will show the precisely what leads to the probability of disease X being what it is, and the doctor should be able to poke around it and say things like "What happens if we change these coughs to hiccups?"

An intelligently designed expert system often does not replace the specialist -- it supports her, allows her to interact with it, ask questions, refine queries, etc.

If you have a patient with multiple nonspecific symptoms who takes a dozen different medications every day, a doctor cannot properly evaluate all the probabilities and interactions in her head. But an expert system can. It works best as a teammate of a human, not as something which just tells her.

But no automated system can be perfectly reliable

You are using the wrong yardstick. Ain't no thing is perfectly reliable. What matters is whether an automated system will be more reliable than the alternative -- human doctors.

Commercial aviation has a pretty good safety record while relying on autopilots. Are you quite sure that without the autopilot the safety record would be better?

whenever the system spits out, "No diagnosis found".

And why do you think a doctor will do better in this case?