A better summary of Aaronson's paper:
I want to know:
Were Bohr and Compton right or weren’t they? Does quantum mechanics (specifically, say, the No-Cloning Theorem or the uncertainty principle) put interesting limits on an external agent’s ability to scan, copy, and predict human brains and other complicated biological systems, or doesn’t it?
EY is mentioned once, for his work in popularizing cryonics, and not for anything fundamental to the paper. Several other LW luminaries like Silas Barta and Jaan Tallinn show up in the acknowledgements.
If you have followed Aaronson at all in the past couple years, the new stuff begins around section 3.3, page 36. His definition of "freedom" is at first glance interesting, and may dovetail slightly with the standard reduction of free will.
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Just thought I'd throw this out there:
TabooBot: Return D if opponent's source code contains a D; C otherwise.
To avoid mutual defection with other bots, it must (like with real prudish societies!) indirectly reference the output D. But then other kinds of bots can avoid explicit reference to D, requiring a more advanced TabooBot to have other checks, like defecting if the opponent's source code calls a modifier on a string literal.