Everything is heritable:

• "Genome-wide association study of cognitive functions and educational attainment in UK Biobank (n=112151)", Davies et al 2016

• Continuation of the recent phenome theme of inter-correlations of negative traits and inter-correlation of positive traits:

  • "Analysis of shared heritability in common disorders of the brain", Anttila et al 2016
  • "Genetic variants associated with subjective well-being, depressive symptoms, and neuroticism identified through genome-wide analyses", Okbay et al 2016
  • "Physical and neurobehavioral determinants of reproductive onset and success", Day et al 2016
  • "Association between stressful life events and psychotic experiences in adolescence: evidence for gene–environment correlations", Shakoor et al 2016
• "Introducing precise genetic modifications into human 3PN embryos by CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing", Kang et al 2016 (see also Liang et al 2015; both describe the CRISPR state of the art as of early 2014, 2+ years ago)
• "Variants near CHRNA3/5 and APOE have age- and sex-related effects on human lifespan", Joshi et al 2016
• "National Happiness and Genetic Distance: A Cautious Exploration", Proto & Oswald 2015
• Friends are as genetically similar as fourth cousins (media)
• "Monkey kingdom: China is positioning itself as a world leader in primate research"

Politics/religion:

• Book Review: Albion's Seed
• "Peer review: Troubled from the start"
• "My Year in San Francisco's \$2 Million Secret Society Startup"

AI:

• "Deep Networks with Stochastic Depth", Huang et al 2016 (dropout of random layers, which does not just work, but works better and enables >1200-layer residual networks. This might be related to Liao & Poggio 2016 claim that deep residual nets are effectively unrolled RNNs which apply slight variants of an algorithm to many timesteps.)
• "Generating Large Images from Latent Vectors"
• "Foveation-based Mechanisms Alleviate Adversarial Examples", Luo et al 2016
• "Convolutional Networks for Fast, Energy-Efficient Neuromorphic Computing", Esser et al 2016

Statistics/meta-science:

• "A Comparison of Approaches to Advertising Measurement: Evidence from Big Field Experiments at Facebook", Gordon et al 2016 (How often does correlation=causation? <50% of the time in Internet advertising, with gross over/underestimates even with detailed covariate & advanced modeling.)
• "The Bitter Fight Over the Benefits of Bilingualism" (So Bialystok is refusing a collaboration because a pre-registered protocol is unscientific and she refuses to work with someone so 'biased' that they would damage the non-pre-registered results, and besides, publication bias doesn't exist - "there is absolutely no evidence". I see...)
• "Why the National Institutes of Health Should Replace Peer Review With a Lottery: A new study shows that peer-review scores for grant proposals are random anyway"
• "Bandit based Monte-Carlo planning", Kocsis & Szepesvári 2006
• "How Kalman Filters Work, Part 1"
• "The importance of 'gold standard' studies for consumers of research"

Psychology/biology:

• "The Production of Human Capital in Developed Countries: Evidence from 196 Randomized Field Experiments", Fryer 2016 (education; lots of small effects):
• "A Meta-Analysis of Blood Glucose Effects on Human Decision Making", Orquin & Kurzban 2016
• "Is Ego-Depletion a Replicable Effect? A Forensic Meta-Analysis of 165 Ego Depletion Articles"
• "Indoor air quality and academic performance", Stafford 2015 (apropos of harms of CO2 discussion)
• "Seven Pervasive Statistical Flaws in Cognitive Training Interventions", Moreau et al 2016
• "The Voyeur's Motel"

Technology:

• "What the game 'Werewolf' teaches us about Trust & Security"
• The Raising of Chicago

Economics:

• "Demographic Consequences of Defeating Aging", Gavrilov & Gavrilova 2010
• Interview with short seller Jim Chanos (Short sellers are always so interesting. Few people are so motivated to see through the miasma of lies and bias and self-serving optimism in the business and finance world.)

A brain, rational or not, can produce the "terminal value" state (or output, or qualia?) when presented with the habitat or biodiversity concepts. This can be independent of their instrumental value, which, on average, probably diminishes with technological progress. But it's also easy to imagine cases where the instrumental value of nature increases as our ability to understand and manipulate it grows.

This is a simple model and as such might make a decent prior if you know nothing else. In the Al Qaeda case we probably know substantially more than (size, age) for reasoning about it.

I really like this sieve approach. I feel a big improvement would be to show the output of the sieve as two boxes (red and blue) as well to help emphasize visually just how many false+ pass through and the relative size of false+ to all that pass through.

There are lots of things I feel others ought to know (because after I knew them I felt I understood the world a lot better than before) but not many fall under procedural knowledge. Computer programming is one thing I really value having learned, mostly for non-procedural reasons (clarifies thinking, adds a large useful set of analogies etc.) which has also proved practically useful (e.g. writing scripts for repetitive things and understanding computer errors).

Another thing I've just recalled: If you run out of gas somewhere you can call a cab and ask the driver to bring a can of gas with him/her (this applies in Iceland at least, YMMV).

Reading the part about breathing reducing attention during reading caused me to pay attention to my breathing while reading which reduced my attention, suggesting that breathing during reading reduces attention. Very clever, Mr. Wenger! As JoshuaZ points out, breathing seems unnoticed when one isn't actively thinking about it.

One also has to take into account the probability that this training has negative consequences, which, knowing the effects of hypoxia on neurons, is not negligible.

Hi, I'm new.