I can't explain the whole philosophy here, but basically the idea is: you have two theories, A and B. You instantiate them as lossless data compressors, and invoke the compressors on the dataset. The one that produces a shorter net codelength (including the length of the compressor program itself) is superior. In practice the rival theories will probably be very similar and produce different predictions (= probability distributions over observational outcomes) only on small regions of the dataset.
Lossless data compression is a highly rigorous evaluation principle. Many theories are simply not well-specified enough to be built into compressors; these theories, I say (reformulating Popper and Yudkowsky), should not be considered scientific. If the compressor implementation contains any bugs, these bugs will immediately appear when the decoded data fails to agree exactly with the original data. Finally, if the theory is scientific and the implementation is correct, it still remains to be seen if the theory is empirically accurate, which is required for lossless data compression in the face of the domain's No Free Lunch theorem.
So say you and I have two rival theories of black hole dynamics. If the theories are different in a scientifically meaningful way, they must make different predictions about some data that could be observed. That means the compressors corresponding to our theories will assign different codelengths to some observations in the dataset. If your theory is more accurate, it will achieve shorter codelengths overall. This could happen by, say, your theory properly accounting for the velocity dispersion of galaxies under the effect of dark matter. Or it could happen by my theory being hit by a big Black Swan penalty because it cannot explain an astronomical jet coming from a black hole.
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How about: as a commitment mechanism, a small but nagging amount of discomfort related to your procrastination on a measurable task. I'm picturing this working something like the need to pee, with the difference that it resets at night: the discomfort could build throughout the day and instantly be resolved when you completed the task and reduced as you work toward the task.
For instance, if you committed to exercising a certain amount, accelerameters could estimate physical activity. for every step you took, your discomfort would decrease and for ever hour you sat on the couch, your discomfort would grow.
Possible commitments this would work with: exercise anki decks habbitrpg points spend a certain amount of time talking per day (for the recluse/introvert trying to train social skills)
I already have this and it's horrible.