All of limerott's Comments + Replies

This reminds me of focused/diffuse thinking.

Focused thinking is rule-based, mechanical, goal-oriented, precise, strictly sequential, logical, works in small steps.

Diffuse thinking is creative, open-ended, creates long connections, produces leaps of insight that are impossible in focused thinking.

The best example of this is solving math problems. Paradoxically, it requires to alternate between these two modes frequently and fervently -- something that people generally struggle to do. After all, most people either think like bureaucrats (like me) or they thi... (read more)

Congratulations on your success! A few questions that came to mind (I don't expect you to answer all of them):

  • What did you give up to pursue trading full time?
  • How much capital did you start with? (6x is not enough to get to the size of a small hedge-fund if you start out with 50k...)
  • Do you use leverage?
  • Do you manage other investors' assets or only your own?
  • Have you automated portions of your trading routine?
  • Do you base your buy / sell decisions on value alone or do you use technical analysis? If so, which concepts do you find most useful?
  • How much d
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Strong upvote. Success doesn't limit us. Success changes us. It is what we become that limits us.

Live free of attachment and you will always be free.

For me, I have found a microadjustment to your microadjustment helpful: Instead of drinking a whole cup of coffee, which causes unnecessary stress and heart racing for me, I only drink about 1/8th of a cup or even less at the same concentration. I have found that while this still has strong positive effects (more motivation, higher focus), it avoids most of the negative effects -- especially if it's taken in the morning.

Thank you for this post. The personal experience certainly seeps through in your recommendations (which is a good thing).

I would like to mention another area: nutrition. A good chunk of your productivity depends on how well you eat. It also affects how well your body can fight the chronic condition. It also gives you another variable to play around with (do I feel better if I eat carbs?).

However, I don't think it is as simple as "eat your veggies". People with chronic illness should have a solid understanding of the nutrients the body needs to function pro... (read more)

Do you visualize the icosahedron as one object or do you split it up and consider each separately, but reminding oneself that it is actually one object?

My answer to your visual thinking riddle is: breath in through your mouth and breath out through mouth + nostrils. But I can't decipher your anagram!

2gilch
That's because it isn't an anagram. ROT13 :)
3gilch
I have looked at a d20 long enough and from enough angles (it's very symmetrical) to have memorized the whole icosahedron, and can visualize it that way, at least as an opaque object from the outside. But the mnemonic technique of chunking is a valid strategy for visualization. Short-term memories must be "refreshed" or they fade away, but if you juggle too many at once, you'll drop one before you can get back to it. Making each face a chunk would be 20, which is too many. 3-5 chunks is a more reasonable number. My favored decomposition of the icosahedron is into a pentagonal antiprism with pentagonal pyramid caps. That's 3 chunks, and two of them are the same thing. Other decompositions may be useful depending on what you are trying to do. More complex objects can be visualized as hierarchical decompositions, though not always in their entirety. Recognition is not the same as recall. The resolution of a weak visual memory may be just enough to recognize a new example (but too low to count the faces, say). A really low resolution image is more of a handle than a structure, but it can point you to the memory of the real thing.

First of all, if you can solve it without visualization, I think that this is preferable, precisely because it is faster. There is no need to force oneself to visualize everything.

To visualize something, you need to create a map from the formal domain you are studying to visual transformations. In other words, you need to understand "what the formula" mean (or at least one way of looking at them). Do you know what it means visually to multiply one complex number to another? If you don't, you will be stuck doing calculations. If you do, then you can visuali

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Answer by limerott20

Say you have two distinct points x and y. Consider all points whose distance to x is the same as to y. What can you say about the location of these points in terms of the line connecting x and y?

Try to solve any geometry puzzle with only your mind and you will be forced to do visual thinking.

1MoreRight
I've never seen any image of any kind in my mind, nor have I experienced any other imagined sense. Visual thinking is merely activity within a region of the brain associated with a visual experience. If you were to shoot a charged particle through your occipital lobe, you may experience it as a flash of light. Those with aphantasia process thought in a different region of the brain that is not associated with the experience of visualization.  Where that thought takes place will determine the structure and connections within the neural network that processes that information. Most complex neural networks can solve any basic problem, but some structures are more efficient, more accurate, or faster than others. When thought occurs in an atypical structure it can give rise to deficits or strengths. Synesthesia is a common example, but there are also examples of people with "human calculator" like abilities and more.  When you say visual thinking, visualization is merely an experience and is not necessary to solve multidimensional problems. It is however a very fast and efficient method to do so. Studies which have compared the problem solving abilities of those with aphanatasia and visual thinkers found that those who relied on visualization were faster, but less accurate problem solvers. I'm not a fast problem solver, but I virtually always get the right answer because I solve problems with logic rather than visual intuition.  This is not visual thinking when you can not use your visual brain. From my perspective, it's just "thinking". 
1Teach
So I find I can force myself to visualise that but it would be consistently born of the concept thought first, like "oh that's a line perpendicular to the line between X and y" and then I can paint the graph in my mind. But I don't need to - I can think the concept and then apply it to paper without visualisation and I tend to find that easier. What intrigues me precisely is visual thinking for problem solving - ie a student who can easily perform arithmetic between graphs by visualising the transformations in their mind rather than doing calculations on paper.

I really appreciate you looking this up. Now it is clear that these claims are controversial.

Nevertheless, the question still is what learning ability refers to: Is it the ability to comprehend learning material that explains the topic well, or is it the ability to come up with the simple explanations yourself? It seems that the OP refers to the latter. The first kind probably has lower variation. Also, this means that when measuring learning ability, you should ensure that all involved people have access to the same "source". I would be interested in hearing the OP's thoughts on that.

I couldn't find it quickly, but I think that I read this on codehorror.

Vaniver100

Probably this post; this claim has been highly controversial, with the original blog post citing a 2006 paper that was retracted in 2014, and whose original author wrote a meta-analysis that supported their conclusions in 2009. Here's some previous discussion (in 2012) on LW. Many people have comments to the effect of "bimodal scores are common in education" with relatively few people having citations to back that up, in a way that makes me suspect they're drawing from the original retracted paper.

In an experiment, a group of people who have never programmed before have been showed how to code. In the end, their skills were evaluated in a coding test. The expectation was that they would be roughly normally distributed. However, the outcome was that the students were clustered in two groups (within each of which you see the expected normal distribution). The students belonging to the first struggled while the second group fared relatively well. The researchers figured out the cause: the students that did better managed to create a mental model of wh

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2philh
Do you have a citation for this? I've heard a similar story, but different in some details, and in that story the second group did not end up competent programmers. And I think I've also heard that the story I first heard didn't replicate or something like that. So I don't know what to think.

Thank you for your kind comment. This is why I wrote this!

And the list is not exhaustive by any means. I really think this is a no-brainer.

My opinion is that, in almost all scenarios, if you have a question, you should always ask it. Why?

  1. If this question occurred to you, it probably has occurred to many other people. Thus, there is likely to be general interest.
  2. The speaker (or author) has the opportunity to share more of his expertise, even if he is not about directly answering the question [this one is very underrated; I've had a lot of interesting conversations develop from seemingly foolish questions]
  3. This gives the author the chance to explain his perspective more clearly. Your questio
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1Charlie Steiner
Nice list :) I hope people do keep things like this in mind.

This takes on a higher level view of reading than I was intending to cover here. But nevertheless, this is a valuable resource. It reminds me of Adler's How to Read a Book.

Can you describe these heuristics and the type of content you used them on?

2romeostevensit
This is a good start: https://lifehacker.com/five-steps-that-make-it-easier-to-skim-through-non-fict-1758111229 Skimming a much larger volume of material with fewer commitments to a 'full stack read' (reading with note taking and later iterated summarization) allows one to more easily identify top quality information.

What is your definition of productive enterprise, what is non-productive enterprise?

How about this? The person uses his social security to buy a new phone. This purchase increases the capital available to the manufacturer for R&D of new phones.

I googled the broken windows fallacy and this is the argument I got: "If he hadn't paid for the broken windows, he could have gotten himself a pair of new shoes." But the point is that he didn't buy the pair of new shoes (he instead hoards the money), but he is forced to buy the new window (since it's windy otherwise), creating demand.

Viliam130

The idea behind the broken windows fallacy is that when you move money from point X to point Y, and start talking about the effects of having more money at point Y, it would be fair to also mention the effects of having less money at point X. Otherwise you are drawing a false picture.

To highlight the mistake you made, let's take the situation into extreme. Imagine that there are so many immigrants that the population literally doubles. Let's assume that all of them are the lazy type: none of them gets a job, ever, all of them are living on welfar... (read more)

It depends on how you look at it. In terms of productivity (output per labour cost), more robots is better. But if all cleaning staff is replaced by robots, the robot manufacturer profits while the displaced workers have less disposable income, thus there is less demand for the local economy (local groceries store, gas station, hairdresser, realor etc.), which suffers as a consequence.

2[comment deleted]

First of all, I am not directly advocating immigration nor am I against it -- I am analyzing one particular aspect of it. A common reaction towards immigration is "they are robbing our jobs" and I tried to outline the faulty logic underneath that. They are not stealing anything, but becoming part of the economy.

Immigration is a complex issue that has to be decided on a case-by-case basis. If there are food shortages in a country, adding more people makes no sense. If there is, as you say, an excess of capital, but not enough people to invest it into, it d

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The vague reflections you are referring to are analogous to somebody saying "I should really exercise more" without ever doing it. I agree that the mere promise of reflection is useless.

But I do think that reflections about the vague topics are important and possible. Actively working through one's experiences, reading relevant books, discussing questions with intelligent people can lead to epiphanies (and eventually life choices), that wouldn't have occurred otherwise.

However, this is not done with a push of a button and these things don't happen randomly

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Let me clarify. If a group decides that it wants X, this does not imply that the individual member of that group wants X. What they usually want is to avoid work and let other's do it or be told what to do. But if they agree upon the strategy "To achieve X, we agree that every member has to want X and, if he is capable, do X" (rather than "To achieve X, one leader tells everyone what to do"), then things would get done!

1Kenny
In do-ocracies, generally the 'revealed preferences' of the group members is pretty obvious. The things the 'group wants' are readily revealed to be those things that the group members actually act to achieve or acquire. And, as a matter of how do-ocracies form initially, they typically 'accrete' around a single person or a small group of people that are already actively working on something. Think of a small open source programming project. Usually the project is started by a single person and whatever they actually work on is what they 'want' to work on. Often, when other people suggest changes, the initial person (who is likely still the 'project leader') will respond along the lines of "Pull requests welcome!", which is basically equivalent to "Feel free to work on the changes yourself and send them to me to review.". And, sometimes, a new contributor will work on the changes first, before even discussing the possibility. And then, after submitting the changes to review, the project leader or other participants might object to the changes, but, by default, anyone is free to make changes themselves (tho typically not anyone can actually make changes directly to the 'authoritative version').
2Dagon
Ah, I think we need a more detailed model of what it means to want something. What a person says they want, what they think they want, and what they actually want at any given moment may differ. As verbal manipulators, humans tend to focus on what is said, but it's hard to see how that's actually the correct one. If a group decided that it wants X, and the individual member doesn't want X enough to actually do it, the definition of "decided" seems to be in question. Maybe some members want X more than others. (yes, I'm being a bit intentionally obtuse. I do want to be explicit when we're talking about coercion of others in order to meet your goals, as opposed to examining our own goals and beliefs. )

You claim that, in politics, rules with high cost of compliance are introduced to keep the fixed pool of resources from being divided between too many people. Is there an example of that? I think that this is mostly done not through laws, but through social affiliations. Those with the best connections get the job or the resources.

I like the idea of a do-ocracy. It's like saying "The only rule is that don't look for rules to do what needs doing". But the crux is that this seeming anti-rule is actually a rule that needs to be followed. I... (read more)

1Kenny
An example of a (relatively) high cost of compliance is the recentish EU GDPR. Large companies will be able to comply (relatively) more easily than small companies so the effect of the regulation is to privilege large companies over small (or smaller) ones , i.e. "keep the fixed pool of resources from being divided between too many people", where the pool of resources in this case are potential customers of online businesses (or even just users of online sites or services). And more generally, for almost every law and regulation, it's easier for larger companies or organizations to 'pay compliance costs' so every new law or regulation effectively penalizes smaller companies or organizations. Note that this is basically never considered, let alone advertised, as a deliberate effect of any law or regulation. You're right that social affiliation is often used, in effect anyways, to mediate access to resources, but I've never encountered anyone describing the initiation or maintenance of affiliation as being a 'compliance cost', tho it's not an inapt analogy and might operate pretty similarly. I think it's relatively uncommon for social affiliation to involve explicit rules tho, which distinguishes it from what is typically described as 'compliance'.
4Dagon
Wait. If everyone does what they want, and nothing gets done, that implies that everyone wants nothing done, doesn't it? What if doing what they want actually is DOING what they want? In that case, what they want gets done.
2kithpendragon
I think tax codes fall under this category. You can keep the money you earned if you are already part of the economic elite -- you already have enough money to have things like offshore bank accounts (worth it only if you can afford to squirrel away large sums) and high-yield investments (which have a good deal of risk attached to them, so are a potentially very costly way of investing; if you can't afford to lose the cash you shouldn't buy these, but they can be very lucrative for those who can afford to lose on occasion), or to hire an expert who can help you manage large swaths of your cash flow. Without that initial capital, you are unable to take advantage of tax laws (and other economic systems) in the same way as those who have more to work with in the first place. This kind of system tends to encourage economic resources to accumulate with those few who already control a lot. Another example may be found in business law. I don't own a business, so can't get get very specific I'm afraid, but I gather that licensing and payroll and (again) tax concerns (among other issues) are often legally tuned in such a way that larger corporations have an easier time achieving compliance than smaller businesses. Laws designed, for example, to protect the environment from the waste output of a large factory could easily be written to except the local shop engaging in a similar process but at many orders less magnitude. Instead, I routinely encounter news articles (publication bias alert) highlighting the plight of local businesses as they struggle to keep financially afloat and stay legal. This kind of system tends to encourage business resources to accumulate with those businesses that already control a lot.

I feel that we are getting off-topic and I also think that I don't follow some of your thoughts.

The danger that you refer to may be laissez-faire capitalism and its effects on governments, societies and the environment. But this has nothing to do with the original post.

I think that you may be throwing out the baby with the bathwater. The fact that there are problems with the current implementation of economics (aka globalization, multi-national cooperations, inequality etc.) does not preclude economic ideas, or ideas inspired by economics, having meri... (read more)

1Slider
If you would only use the concept of epicycles in a particular theory of gravitation then the relevance of epicycles would seem to be tied to the relevance of that gravitational theory. If somebody says that they believe in god I am tempted to lump them into the category of a religiouos nut. Similarly there are economic concepts which seem to be part of a coherent/connected memecomplex and I get a memetic allergy reaction or strong expecation what those other things would be. One of the properties of this memecomplex is that it can tell a plausible story for long time before places to to doubt it are apparent. Atleast religion makes claims in metaphysical language where you can recognise the claims as wild, but economical ideology dresses itself as very tame. I might be wrong to generalise this to big populations and I would love to see the subject-field be treated without shady epistemology and I think careful concept analysis is likely to provided that. But I think it's hard mode and it can easily become resistant to scrutiny.

Thank you for the post and the analysis. I enjoyed this insight and I recall having the feeling that everything is a trade-off at least once. This explains it clearly and succinctly.

Maybe we should make a collection of solutions that did not make it, just to acknowledge their existence, like all sorting algorithms that are strictly worse than mergesort.

To explain where I am coming from: My primary goal was to make sense of a somewhat fragmented field by developing my own philosophy behind it and turning it into concepts that I can use as thinking tools to better understand the world. My goal is not to make academic progress in that field, but to extract the viewpoint it (in my opinion) offers and use it for my own purposes.

In particular, I noticed that we are prone to treat finite (and even scarce) resources as infinite, such as making overly long book lists that would take 2-3 lifetimes to complete read... (read more)

3Slider
I might be a little harsh on the details as I percieve economics having a needlessly ideological component. I might also be reacting because I percieve this line of thinking to be potentially dangerous and I don't like that I can't formulate the link between the starting steps and the danger. Game of Thrones SPOILERS After the conflict in Westeroos in the meeting of important people Sam suggests that they should do democracy. People do not argue that it would be a bad idea but laugh it off. The feudal way of life is so ingrained in the world that other ways of life are unthinkable. END OF SPOILERS In the same way I think in the real world there are parties that try to get people to entrench scarse mindset as a natural way how things are and use propagandist means to do so. Fossil resource energy companies might try to hinder the invention of cleaner forms of energy or make their adoption later so that their business sector lasts longer. They have a vested interest in keeping people minds that energy scarcity is at the current level and not be too inquisitive about how it might change in the future. In the robot ubiquitus scenario I don't think the scarse resources that are lest are elementary resources so that would fit the bill of a postscarcity scenario. "Even if we reach a very high level of development, there will still be scare resources left to distribute, such as time." presents time as an example of a resource whose scarcity is unassailable and the robot scenario assails that. Retreating to a position where any individual resource need not be scarce in all worlds is a motte-and-bailey and I would feel would that be challenged the goal posts would keep on moving. This speaks to the manner in which the original belief was held which is unlikely to weight literal technical truth that much. And my experience has been that I do not have to fight over water in the part of the world I am in. There are also microenviroments such as families where food is not sc

With regard to physics: You say at the end of your post that theories should stay inside their domain. I agree. But decision making and analysis of markets are not in the domain of physics, but economics.

Post-scarcity is an illusion. Even if we reach a very high level of development, there will still be scare resources left to distribute, such as time.

Maybe my post was unclear about it, but I am in favor of the time-efficient method of groceries shopping (provided one has enough income). It is definitely the better solution here, as you already pointed out... (read more)

3Slider
The opening statement of the post is about how economics is seen to be a very niche area. In discussing that the area of applicability should be broader is a discussion where the theory should apply where the audience expects it would not. I have the trouble that the provided perspective is fuzzy where I don't know what kind of claims it makes in a environment that is not its "home turf". In the case of speedy shopping in my mind the comparison is between "700 money + 3h" and "720 money + 2h". In this kind of analysis no infinities occur. There is no explicit infinity. At points it seems that "infinite thinking" in the context of this post just means "non-finite thinking" that is it's a negative characterisation what it is not and not what it is. The claim is not clear enough / explicit enough that it could stand apart from interpretation into particular situations. I could for example claim that making a decision to careful look at the prices makes an infinite thinking assumption about my available time. If one set of thinking can be plausiblly characterised as on one hand as infinite or finite it makes me question what the concept even means. It's not clear to me that post-scarcity is an illusion. We currently live in a oxygen abudant world and the whole worry would be that the world would be scarse in regards to that. It might be true that the world can not easily be gegotten rid of scarse elements. But whether scarcity is a dominant or main subject of attention is another question entirely. There are such idioms such as "selling sand to saharans" or "selling snow to eskimos" which point to very simple / folk conceptions of situations where market activity doesn't make sense. Eskimos still use snow to construct buildings so its useful and there is literally a finite amount of it but it is not scarce by a long shot. Time is pretty solid but I am not convinced that it's inescapeable as a scarse resource. If I do something manually I might be limited mainly how o

Thanks for the kind words. I will do my best.

Ah, I see. So vectors are treated like abstract objects and representing them in a matrix-like form is an additional step. And instead of coordinate vectors, which may be confusing, you only work with matrices. I can imagine that this is a useful perspective when you work with many different bases. Thank you for sharing it.

Would you then agree to define where is the standard basis?

1Rafael Harth
I wouldn't be heartbroken if it was defined like that, but I wouldn't do it if I were writing a textbook myself. I think the LADR approach makes the most sense – vectors and matrices are fundamentally different – and if you want to bring a vector into the matfrix world, then why not demand that you do it explicitly? If you actually use LA in practice, there is nothing stopping you from writing Av. You can be 'sloppy' in practice if you know what you're doing while thinking that drawing this distinction is a good idea in a theoretical text book.

I agree that once a price has reached equilibrium, it is likely to stay there if the number of traders is large enough. But stability does not imply objectivity. It may be that this equilibrium is an overestimation, as often happens with technological hypes.

There is also no objective value of a stock that would allow us to separate traders into wise and unwise. Every trader is a human with certain experience, skills, investment strategy, available information, cognitive biases that he is unaware of. And the stock value merely represents the sum of all traders' characteristics.

If the king is too gullible, the vassals have an economic incentive to abuse this through the various methods you described. This eventually leads to a permanent distortion of the truth. If an economic crisis hits the country, his lack of truthful information would prevent him to solve it. The crises would exacerbate, which, at some point, would propel the population to rebel and topple him. As a replacement, a less gullible king would be put into power. This looks like a control loop to me -- one that gets rid of too gullible kings.

So, my strategy as dete

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Hi! I've known LW for quite a while, but only now decided to join. I remember reading a comment here and thinking "I like how this person thinks". Needless to say, this is not a common experience I have on the internet. What I hope to get from this site are fruitful intellectual discussions that trip me over and reveal the flaws in my reasoning :)

2habryka
Welcome limerott! I hope your time on the site will be well-spent and feel free to ask any questions here in the Open Thread, or via Intercom in the bottom right corner.

Your struggles with coordinate vectors sound familiar. I remember that, in the book I used, they introduced for a basis and called a coordinate vector of iff ( is left general on purpose). This explicit formulation as a simple bijective function cleared up the confusion for me. You can do neat things with it like turn an abstract map into a map from one basis to another: for linear .

But of course, from a practical standpoint, you don't think about vectors this way. As with proofs, once you heard a pl... (read more)

1Rafael Harth
That looks like it also works. It's a different philosophy I think, where LADR says "vectors and matrices are fundamentally different objects and vectors aren't dependent on bases, ever" and your view says "each basis defines a bijective function that maps vectors from the no-basis world into the basis-world (or from the basis1 world into the basis2 world)" but it doesn't insist on them being fundamentally different objects. Like if V=Rn then they're the same kind of object, and you just need to know which world you're in (i.e. relative to which basis, if any, you need to interpret your vector to). II don't think not having matrix-vector multiplication is an issue. The LADR model still allows you to do everything you can do in normal LA. If you want to multiply a matrix A with a vector v, you just make v into the n-by-1 matrix and then multiply two matrices. So you multiply A⋅M(B,v) rather than A⋅v. It forces you to be explicit about which basis you want the vector to be relative to, which seems like a good thing to me. If B is the standard basis, then M(B,v) will have the same entries as v, it'll just be written as ⎡⎢ ⎢⎣v1⋮vn⎤⎥ ⎥⎦ rather than (v1,...,vn).