A Luna moth caterpillar spends its life eating the leaves of a host tree and grows to more than ten times its original length in about six weeks before it pupates. The adult which emerges some time later has no functioning mouthparts and only survives for about a week.
What possible reason could explain this seemingly self-destructive strategy?
After metamorphosis, an adult gains two important features: flying and mating. It specializes to its comparative advantage: dispersing its offspring. A moth that finds a new source of food succeeds not by eating, a waste of its expensive adult features, but by making new caterpillars which can eat many times more efficiently. The moth's purpose, after... (read more)
Glacial ice preserves a record of seasonal temperature variations as each yearly layer of snow accumulates and then partially erodes. The accumulating ice also preserves particles from the atmosphere such as pollen. Ice cores extracted so far from Greenland extend at least 100,000 years and from Antarctica more than 800,000.