Happy New Year! Here's the latest and greatest installment of rationality quotes. Remember:
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What is analytical thinking, but a sequence of steps of heuristics well vetted not to lead to contradictions?
A heuristic is a "rule of thumb," used because it is computationally cheap for a human brain and returns the right answer most of the time.
Analytical thinking uses heuristics, but is distinctive in ALSO using propositional logic, probabilistic reasoning, and mathematics - in other words, exceptionless, normatively correct modes of reasoning (insofar as they are done well) that explicitly state their assumptions and "show the work." So there is a real qualitative difference.