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RichardKennaway comments on You cannot be mistaken about (not) wanting to wirehead - Less Wrong
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Affine transformations. Utility functions are defined up to affine transformation.
In particular, this means that nothing has "positive utility" or "negative utility", only greater or lesser utility compared to something else.
ETA: If you want to compare two different people's utilities, it can't be done without introducing further structure to enable that comparison. This is required for any sort of felicific calculus.
There's a name I can't remember for the "number line with no zero" where you're only able to refer to relative positions, not absolute ones. I'm looking for a name for the "number line with no zero and no scale", which is invariant not just under translation but under any affine transformation with positive determinant.
I'm in an elementary statistics class right now and we just heard about “levels of measurement” which seem to make these distinctions: your first is the interval scale, and second the ordinal scale.
The "number line with no zero, but a uniquely preferred scale" isn't in that list of measurement types; and it says the "number line with no zero and no scale" is the interval scale.