Alicorn comments on Open Thread: March 2010 - Less Wrong
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A psychiatrist is someone who went to medical school and specialized in the brain. A psychologist is someone who has a PhD in psychology. Putting "clinical" before either means they treat patients; "experimental" means what it sounds like. There's some crosstraining, but not as much as one might imagine. ("Therapist" and "counselor" imply no specific degree.)
Some common misconceptions:
Counseling Psychology is a very specific degree program within psychology. A psychologist can have a PhD, a PsyD, (doctor of psychology degree), or in some fields, even a masters.
Psychiatrists also don't specialize in "the brain" (that's neurology), they specialize in treating psychiatric disorders using the medical model.