The September Open Thread, Part 2 has got nearly 800 posts, so let's have a little breathing room.
This thread is for the discussion of Less Wrong topics that have not appeared in recent posts. If a discussion gets unwieldy, celebrate by turning it into a top-level post.
If you're referring to the discussion about time, that's a digression that doesn't involve decision theory.
It's a logical distinction, not an empirical one. Whoever you are, you are someone in particular, not someone in general.
I disagree with "probability as degree of caring", but your main point is correct independently of that. However, it is not enough just to say that the effects "don't have to balance out". The nearby possible worlds definitely do contain all sorts of variations on the trading agents for whom the logic of the trade does not work or is interpreted differently. But it seems like no-one has even thought about this aspect of the situation.
Are these programs and results in conflict with ordinary decision theory? That's the issue here - whether we need an alternative to "causal decision theory".
Can't parse.
Yes, UDT and CDT act differently in Newcomb's Problem, Parfit's Hitchhiker, symmetric PD and the like. (We currently formalize such problems along these lines.) But that seems to be obvious, maybe you were asking about something else?