Nate Silver of the New York Times's political prediction blog fivethirtyeight has posted an excerpt of his upcoming book on predictions in various disciplines, The Signal and the Noise. The excerpt describes how meteorologists, in contrast to prognosticators in other domains, have substantially improved the accuracy of their predictions by understanding the limitations of both intuition and computer models, enabling them to combine them intelligently rather than relying excessively on one or the other.
The excerpt is available at http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/09/magazine/the-weatherman-is-not-a-moron.html?_r=2&pagewanted=all, and a summary is available at http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/09/why-weather-forecasters-are-role-models/
Side note: if you are running up against NYT's 10 article per month limit, opening the links in Incognito Mode will get around it.
A well-known example is the "Brier" of "Brier score" who invented it in 1950 to rate wheathermen's predictions - and which budding rationalists of the Good Judgment Project and elsewhere use today to assess their own calibration/resolution.