satt comments on MetaMed: Evidence-Based Healthcare - Less Wrong
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Wikipedia informs me that evidence-based medicine is a movement in the health care community that really only got underways in the 90s. I am not sure I want to know what the health care community was doing before the 90s. I'm not talking about alternative medicine, I'm talking about whatever mainstream medicine was and is doing that doesn't fall under this label.
On the bright side, some of it was just evidence-based medicine without the branding.
For example, the UK Medical Research Council put randomized trials on the map in 1948 with its randomized trial of streptomycin, which had been discovered only a few years before. The massive 1954 trials of the famous Salk polio vaccine also included a randomized trial comprising over 700,000 children. (That said, the non-randomized trial was even larger; the origin of this odd, hybrid study design is an interesting bit of history.)