I tend to be very unproductive with my time and incredibly guilty of procrastination, and was wondering what introspection tools and/or protocols others in similar positions have used to overcome these problems.

http://lesswrong.com/lw/3w3/how_to_beat_procrastination/ may be what you're looking for. The community is also fond of the pomodoro technique (i.e., work for 25 minutes, then take a break for 5 minutes, then repeat; use an actual timer for both parts), which I can vouch for personally, and the Getting Things Done method, which I haven't yet tried. beeminder is also great, but requires an internet connection, so it may not be what you need.