J_Thomas2 comments on The Tragedy of Group Selectionism - Less Wrong
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Windy, group selection has been hypothesized to be necessary or sufficient in this case almost from the time the gene was first observed.
Presumably other genes could counteract its effects for an alternative method to prevent extinction. Such genes would be weakly selected while the t allele was rare and very strongly selected when it was common. Strong founder effect.
theoretical study:
https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/41135
I too remember a description of a small reduction in survival of heterozygous individuals, which doesn't nearly balance the increase in survival of the gene. And I too don't have a link handy for that.