There's also this term "bayesean" that's been floating around. Apparently it means "I try to change my mind when I am wrong" or something like that.
"Bayesian" has an analogous disadvantage in that it already has a technical meaning. I don't think it would be much of an improvement.
You see, I've seen the word "rationalism" used to mean all five of these things at different times:
Edited to reinstate that proposed solution, since this discussion is presumably finished.