Adjustable dumbbells are a possible solution. Especially plate loaded handles. I purchased this dumbbell set and expanded it with additional 1.25lb, 10lb, and 25lb plates. I can now load up to 125lbs on a dumbbell, with the limiting factor being the length of the handle. I'm looking to acquire some 20" handles which should last me for years.

The popular novice programs have optimized the details for progress and effectiveness. The general principles of compound movements, consistency, progressive overload, and gradual changes can be applied to any amount of equipment. Assuming just the dumbbells listed above, you can do:

• Day 1:
• Goblet Squats (progress to single-leg if the weight gets too light)
• Overhead Press
• Romanian Deadlifts (progress to single-leg if the weight gets too light)
• Day 2:
• Goblet Squats
• Floor press
• Rows

Where progressing up in weight isn't an option, progressing up in reps is.