You can use the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator associated with an unknown elliptic operator to reconstruct the coefficient of the operator and consequently the structure of the inside of the domain. It's a problem proposed by Calderon and is well understood for the Laplacian. Good luck with the Stokes operator tomorrow though.
When world chess champion Anand won arguably his best and most creative game, with black, against Aronian, he said in an interview afterward "yeah it's no big deal the position was the same as in [slightly famous game from 100 years ago]".
Of course the similarity is only visible for genius chess players.
So maybe pattern matching and novel thinking are, in fact, the same thing.
On the politics part : one thing I like very much with the Roman republic system was the concept of the "cursus honorum". Basically if you wanted to go for a politician career you had to start at the bottom, get elected to a first position, do well, get elected to something more prestigious, etc. And it worked very well - a significant part of Roman success was that their government (and generals) were way better than competing powers, in this was mainly due to having a lot of experienced, competent politicians and generals with somewhat well aligned incentives.
The transformer architecture was basically developed as soon as we got the computational power to make it useful. If a thought assessor is required and we are aware of the problem, and we have literally billions in funding to make it happen, I don't expect this to be that hard.