I might have missed the point of this paradox, so here some points :

1. Is basically Descartes "cogito ergo sum". The observation of the tought process makes that we exists, even if in another form as what we perceived as real.
2. This point confuse me a bit. If we perceive something there must be rules that govern this perceptions, make it non chaotic to be perceived with order, granted. But those rules will only apply to this anthropocentric dimension of reality. What make it so that to survive we should be able to map all layers of reality ? like a shadow which, as a projection of a volumetric form, loose information to be mapped on its original dimension. Projections being non bijective by nature.
3. So why cannot a Larger Universe (unknown to our perceptions), could not include this one which only map the territory of human life organisation ? Mathematics are but a tool of our perceptions, like our eyes or our skin, limited to the broadband allowed to us by Nature.