I've seen scripts (though I don't have links handy) that do this based on no active logins and no CPU load for X minutes as well. On the other tack, I've seen a lot of one-off processes that trigger a shutdown when they complete (and write their output/logs to S3 or somewhere durable). Often a Lambda is used for the control plane - it responds to signals and runs outside the actual host.
I like this idea a lot, but I'm nervous about setting the right CPU threshold. Too low and it never shuts off, too high and it shuts down in the middle of something when waiting for a slow download. But possibly if I looked at load logs I'd see it's so clearly either ~zero or >>zero that it's not fussy?
The rabbit hole can go deep, and probably isn't worth getting too fancy for single-digit hosts. Fleets of thousands of spot instances benefit from the effort. Like everything, dev-time vs runtime-complexity vs cost-efficiency is a tough balance.
When I was doing this often, I had different modes for "dev mode, which includes human-timeframe messing about" and "prod mode", which was only for monitored workloads. In both cases, automating the "provision, spin up, and initial setup", as well as the "auto-shutdown if not measurably used for N minutes (60 was my default)" with a one-command script made my life much easier.
I run a lot of one-off jobs on EC2 machines. This usually looks like:
If the machine costs a non-trivial amount and the job finishes in the middle of the night I'm not awake to shut it down.
I could, and sometimes do, forget to turn the machine off.
Ideally I could tell the machine to shut itself off if no one was logging in and there weren't any active jobs.
I didn't see anything like this (though I didn't look very hard) so I wrote something (github):
$ prevent-shutdown long-running-command
As long as that command is still running, or someone is logged in over
ssh, the machine will stay on. Every five minutes a systemd timer
will check if this is the case, and if not shut the machine down.
Note that you still need screen or something to prevent
the long running command from exiting when you log out.
(This is an example of the kind of thing that I find goes a lot faster
with an
LLM. I used Claude 3.7, prompted it with essentially the
beginning of this blog post, took the scripts it generated as a
starting point, and then fixed some things. It did make some mistakes
(the big ones: a typo of $ for $$, a regex
looking for PID: that should have looked for
^PID:, didn't initially plan for handling stale jobs) but
that's also about what I'd expect if I'd asked a junior engineer to
write this for me. And with much faster turnaround on my code
reviews!)