I read about a fascinating technique described on Wikipedia as a mathematically formalized combination of Occam's razor and the Principle of Multiple Explanations. I want to add this to my toolbox. I'm dreaming of a concise set of actionable instructions for using Solomonoff induction. I realize this wish might be overly idealistic. I'm willing to peruse a much more convoluted tome and will consider making time for any background knowledge or prerequisites involved.
If anyone knows of a good book on this, or can tell me what set of information I need to acquire, please let me know. It would be much appreciated!
https://wiki.lesswrong.com/wiki/Solomonoff_induction http://lesswrong.com/lw/dhg/an_intuitive_explanation_of_solomonoff_induction/ should get you started.
Also Yudkowsky's article on Occam's Razor describes the Occam's razor/ simplicity prior OP was interested in.