Can you point to someone else who invented it before me? 'Reinvented' implies 'invented' in any case.
There is a test to see how similar two factors are. When that test gives results in the >.95 area, the factors are usually taken to be indistinguishable. It's called congruence coefficients. See e.g. Jensen, Arthur R., and Li-Jen Weng. "What is a good g?." Intelligence 18.3 (1994): 231-258.
It's called a loaded question. http://www.fallacyfiles.org/loadques.html
I invented a logic that can deal with questions and answers. It allows one to formalize questions with an adequately expanded predicate logic. Here's a formalization of the question:
(∃x)(∃t1)(∃t2)(BBHappenedAt[t1]∧HappenedAt[x,t2]∧Before[t2,t1])∧(x=?)
English: There is a thing, x, there are two points of time, t1 and t2, big bang happened at time t1, and x happened at time t2, and t2 is before t1, and what is x?
But if the empirical claim holds, which it does AFAIK, that BB was the first...
I have made a habit out of ignoring p<.05 values when they are reported, unless its a special case where getting more subjects is too difficult or impossible.* I normally go with p<0.01 results unless its very easy to gather more subjects, in which case going with p<0.001 or lower is good.
Way too many coments to reed, but..
"We are even more likely to marry someone with a similar-sounding name.15"
Perhaps not. I googled it and found this: http://faculty.chicagobooth.edu/workshops/marketing/archive/sp10/Spurious20100424.pdf
Yes, but it is not a formal system, and it's a wonder no one else (afaik) did a formal system for questions and answers.