All of Ego's Comments + Replies

Ego20

A flightless bird at the top of a tree is screwed, anyway :-/

Spit my tea on the keyboard.

Ego30

Spot on analysis.

EAs focus on eliminating (or mitigating) suffering. The devil is in the definition of suffering.

You would have to change the entire culture of the continent to change their version of interdependence. This is a massive change. African culture has proven to be rather persistent so you would have an uphill battle. Is it possible that the imposition of a capitalist culture might create more suffering (from the African perspective) than relief?

I'm a capitalist. But I was born in a capitalist society and reared by those who shoved me o... (read more)

3Lumifer
A flightless bird at the top of a tree is screwed, anyway :-/ If you're interested in the topic, I believe it was extensively discussed with respect to post-Soviet Russia.
Ego40

I like studies and think they are useful. I think EAs are motivated to do good and are motivated to believe that money will solve problems that are further away when they know that it does not solve them close to home.

Also, I think it is impossible to measure certain metrics. For instance, in Africa group interdependence is extremely important. Everyone helps everyone. It is known as Ubuntu in Southern Africa but is common throughout sub-Saharan Africa

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_%28philosophy%29

Cash injections from outsiders harm this. But ... (read more)

2Lumifer
It's not obvious that this interdependency is a good thing. It's characteristic of pre-capitalist societies.
2ChristianKl
Why do you think that GiveDirectly style donations hurt this? What kind of real world effect to do expect to see in a world where it hurts it compared to a possible world where it doesn't hurt?
Ego10

How do you think the world would look differently when EAs put more value on helping then being seen as helping?

Ahh. I didn't understand the question.

EAs would help people very close to them with whom they can empathize. I mean empathize in the truest form of the word. They would be able to understand the plight of those they are helping, understand how they got there, and understand the complex consequences that flow from the administration of charity. Distortions occur with distance and differences.

But EAs are driven by a compulsion to do good s... (read more)

1gjm
So, if I understand you correctly, you are saying: We can tell that EAs really value looking and feeling good rather than genuinely doing good, because if they genuinely valued doing good then they would focus on those very close to themselves rather than people far away. It looks to me as if you are assuming that EAs share some opinions of yours that I don't think they generally do. So let me ask a variant of my original question. How do you think the world would look, if EAs (1) were more interested in genuinely doing good than in looking and feeling good, and also (2) sincerely believed that they could do much more good per unit money spent in far-away places than "very close to themselves"? Because it seems to me that the simplest interpretation of the available evidence is that #2 really is what most EAs believe; that it's not an obviously unreasonable thing for them to believe; and that, if they believe it, it explains their preference for sending money to (say) sub-Saharan Africa just as well as your hypothesis that what, deep down, matters to them most is looking and feeling good. I guess you will reiterate that "they understand the complexities of the problems close to home", so "they purposely blind themselves [...] by seeking problems far away", etc. For sure, that's possible, but to me it's far from obviously true, which is why I am asking: what's your evidence? How would you expect the world to look different if they weren't doing that but were genuinely motivated by a desire to do as much good as possible? (Let me say a few words about your last paragraph, restraining my temptation to get cross at your cack-handed attempts at psychoanalysing people you haven't met. There aren't actually any really bad neighbourhoods very near me, and AIUI what characterizes "really bad neighbourhoods" is not just extreme poverty but violence and criminality; if you go to a "really bad neighbourhood" the chances are that a lot of the people you see are criminals. H
0ChristianKl
Do you believe anecdotal evidence is generally superior to systematic evidence gathered in studies? Even if that's what you believe, why do you believe taht people who believe the opposite, do so because of signaling concerns?
Ego10

I believe EAs really do want to help people and improve the world. But even more than that they want to be (seen as) altruists who are helping people and improving the world. And/or they want that wonderful drug-like jolt of endorphins produced by doing a good deed. Most importantly, they don't want to admit that they want to be seen as altruists and they consider it rude when someone points out the very obvious truth that the reason they are doing it is not to help people or improve the world, but to be seen helping people and to get the jolt of good f... (read more)

2gjm
As ChristianKI says, you haven't actually answered the question. Why is this "very obvious"? It isn't very obvious to me. (It looks to me as if there's a variety of different motivations, and at least some EAs seem clearly to be losing more personal utility by their donations than they could plausibly be gaining from being seen helping and from jolts of good feelings.) Is what's very obvious to you specifically that EAs have those motivations, or that everyone does? I have the impression that you keep saying "we" and meaning "you".
3ChristianKl
That doesn't answer the question at all. How do you think the world would look differently when EAs put more value on helping then being seen as helping? GiveWell actually does on the ground investigation of the effects of the recommended charities and it's certainly part of the EA movement. It seems like you are projecting something that isn't true.
Ego-20

I've got to admit, I love this idea because it is so very very honest. It gets to the heart of what EAs really want. High status without crass status symbols. That's probably why your fellow EAs are cringing and attacking. Nobody wants to admit that their status symbol is actually a status symbol.

I get it! It's so darn frustrating that you can't really distinguish, you know, the really good people from the regular schmoes. A gesture would be helpful.

For what it's worth, altruists would not do a handshake. That's too fez-headed Masonic. They'd bow. While gently cupping their oversized hearts.

2gjm
How would you expect the world to look differently if EAs really wanted to help people and improve the world?
Ego20

Apologies. I did not intend to call you a liar. Sorry if it came across that way.

3Gleb_Tsipursky
Apology accepted.
Ego00

Once we had overproduction someone decided that shipping grain to Africa is better than burning it but the grain doesn't get produced to feed Africans. It get's produced for other reasons.

Absolutely. We agree.

I don't know your industry, but let's say you are a Water Engineer in an American city. Now imagine that suddenly the Swiss developed portable desalination processing ships that created clean water and supply it to the whole of the U.S. for free... for generations. You lose your job and we as Americans lose the skills to supply water ourselves... (read more)

4Lumifer
Not necessarily, because it freed up resources we used to provide water and these resources can now be put to a different use. Don't overstate your position -- or you'll end up arguing against all international trade.
0ChristianKl
Yes, but that's substantially different than what happens in Effective Altruism. There no naitve betnet production in Africa. There's no native production of deworming tablets. Those interventions are driven by actual altruism as opposed to free grain that driven by other motivations. GiveDirectly is even better in creating local markets by providing a community with money.
Ego00

Why should I accept what she says rather than what, say, Jeffrey Sachs says?

In the end she is giving her opinion. I am giving mine. I am telling you what I saw and how I came to my conclusions. You can do with them as you choose.

The thing I find deeply troubling is that I know good people would not do what they are doing if they knew the consequences. They would not toss the quarter into the cup of the homeless guy.

It is very common for those outsiders who work on the front lines of aid/charity to talk (to rage!!!) about the fubar consequences w... (read more)

Ego00

It succeeds at the goals it's designed to fulfill.

Is that tongue in cheek?

The program takes our desire to be good and uses it as a tool for a particular special interest. Yes, it fulfills its goals.

0ChristianKl
If you look at the history of the New Deal it was't a program for feeding Africans. It was a program for making life better for farmers. When there was a common agricultural policy in the EU the goal wasn't either feeding Africans. It was having a food system that still works in case of a war with the Soviets. The New Deal thought of supporting the lives of farmers and seeking political support of farming communities. Once we had overproduction someone decided that shipping grain to Africa is better than burning it but the grain doesn't get produced to feed Africans. It get's produced for other reasons.
Ego20

Yes, I believe the government efforts with regard to ebola were more effective. I also believe that many government programs are terrible. We buy excess corn here and give it for free there, killing local markets.

0ChristianKl
That program is very effective of producing a robust way to feed Westerns that can still feed them when the production halves because of a crisis. It works to provide jobs to Western farmers. It succeeds at the goals it's designed to fulfill.
Ego20

Sure, one can postulate situations in which sending a lot of mosquito nets to Africa does a lot of damage by putting a lot of local mosquito-net makers out of business. But is that actually happening?

Pick an industry that is thriving in, say, South Africa and compare it to the same industry in a high-aid country like Uganda. Inevitably you will find that the more sector-aid they receive, the worse their industries produce. It is hard to out-compete free. I gave the Malawi-medical example below but they are everywhere.

I was there this time last yea... (read more)

-2gjm
How do you distinguish between the following two hypotheses? * Country A receives more aid than Country B, and this makes its industry do worse. * Country A is more badly messed up than Country B, and this makes its industry do worse and also makes people send it more aid. I think you are arguing with a straw man. Of course there will be cases where something looks like a good idea but is actually a terrible idea. The question that actually matters is about what's best overall. Well, that's one possibility. Another possibility is that "the fact that our help actually hurts" is not readily apparent, and wouldn't be even if we didn't care about helping people. Another is that it isn't actually a fact. For what it's worth, both of those seem more likely to me right now than your proposal that if someone doesn't agree that aid's harmful it's because they "want to be good" and "cannot empathize" with the people on the receiving end. "Beware the man of one study". Yes, Moyo argues that aid is harmful. It's not as if everyone familiar with the area agrees with her, though. Why should I accept what she says rather than what, say, Jeffrey Sachs says?
Ego00

Dambisa Moyo specifically addresses the bednet issue in her excellent book Dead Aid.

http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123758895999200083

Even what may appear as a benign intervention on the surface can have damning consequences. Say there is a mosquito-net maker in small-town Africa. Say he employs 10 people who together manufacture 500 nets a week. Typically, these 10 employees support upward of 15 relatives each. A Western government-inspired program generously supplies the affected region with 100,000 free mosquito nets. This promptly puts the mosquito net... (read more)

0gjm
That's the first stage at which I am most doubtful about Moyo's argument. Sure, one can postulate situations in which sending a lot of mosquito nets to Africa does a lot of damage by putting a lot of local mosquito-net makers out of business. But is that actually happening? (Or, failing that, is there good reason to think it would be happening if it weren't for charitable mosquito-net provision?) The other point at which I am doubtful: let's suppose that supplying mosquito nets puts N people out of work per year. That's bad (unless N=0). But it also stops M people getting malaria per year. How do those effects balance out? Does Moyo make any attempt at such a calculation, or is she doing a cost-benefit analysis that completely ignores the benefits?
2gwern
Privileging a hypothesis, lump of labor fallacy / ignoring comparative advantage, cherrypicking consequences, and not thinking on the margin, to boot.
Ego00

Western governments and governmental organizations did so. We had skin in the game. Same with Ebola.

0ChristianKl
Do you think that made the action significantly more effective than the GiveWell charities?
Ego-20

Words matter. It steals the positive cultural connotations of the word altruism without actually being altruistic.

It exploits the gray area between being vs. seeming to be. There is a word for that. It's called lying.

2Gleb_Tsipursky
You're welcome to argue with the founders of the EA movement, but please avoid calling me a liar for using the appropriate terms correctly. Thanks!
Ego20

Accountability matters.

Being public does not provide accountability. Is Zuckerberg being held accountable for the Newark schools debacle? No. People are saying, "At least he tried."

Here's the thing.... We understand the idea of creative destruction in other realms but fail to see it when our attention is attracted, like a bull to the red cape, to the people who are suffering in the destruction phase. Propping up a dysfunctional system is worse than letting it fail and rebuilding entirely.

Ego20

How very convenient that the best thing for millions of desperately poor people is for comfortable Westerners like us to do nothing to help them.

To the contrary, it is very inconvenient.

We naturally want to help. I want to help. More than you could ever know. After being on the ground in Africa for a while I just realized that:

  1. Most of the things I could do are more harmful than allowing those desperately poor people to solve their problems themselves.

  2. There is an upward spiral of confidence, strength and capability when someone solves their ow

... (read more)
0gjm
OK; in that case it sounds as if I have misjudged your motivations (and perhaps also how broadly you are claiming that the best charity is no charity; that's still not altogether clear to me). It is possible that your choice of username influenced me in the direction of thinking you more likely to be advocating something like egoism :-). How do you feel about charitable activity that only supplies its beneficiaries with useful resources? For instance, two of GiveWell's current recommendations are: * A charity that provides people in poor malaria-afflicted parts of the world with bednets impregnated with insecticide. * A charity that simply gives money to poor people. (In one-off donations, which are explicitly intended to enable them to do things they otherwise couldn't -- though there are no strings attached.) These seem to me like they don't get in the way of anything the beneficiaries could have done for themselves, and the available evidence seems to suggest that in fact they do substantially more good than harm.
Ego20

If the volunteers stayed around, the locals would have cheap medical care all the time and presumably that's a good outcome.

No, that's a terrible outcome. Long-term solutions to persistent, difficult problems come about when capable people with skin in the game take action. Malawian doctors have skin in the African game but are sidelined when Milwaukeean dairy farmers fill in for free.

Further, when we look closer to home we understand that there are many problems for which the best possible solution is to do nothing. That misfit brother who has to ... (read more)

-2gjm
How very convenient that the best thing for millions of desperately poor people is for comfortable Westerners like us to do nothing to help them. (It may well be true in some cases, but I do find it striking how very little evidence seems to be needed to convince some people that the best charity is no charity.)
Ego-20

Would those African rural outposts have been better off if their first-aid volunteers had all been wearing masks and keeping their identities secret?

They would have to believe that they could obscure their actions from their all-seeing, all-knowing god since their motivations were driven by the belief that they were gaining status toward a day of ultimate reckoning.

Those outposts would have been better had the amateurs stayed home.

Ego00

EA doesn't do that kind of thing.

Ipse dixit and motivated reasoning.

Why not just be absolutely anonymous?

2Richard_Kennaway
Accountability matters.
Ego00

The name Effective >Altruism suggests that followers are somehow being altruistic. Both the common usage and dictionary definitions of altruism are clear. Wikipedia lists the word altruism as synonymous with selflessness. So to answer your first question, doing altruistic things for personally beneficial reasons is simply not altruism. It is the opposite.

It may be tempting to dismiss my argument as semantics. It is so much more. This gets to the core of what (I believe ) Less Wrong is all about. Human beings want to be good. Our culture tell... (read more)

2ChristianKl
We succeed to elimate small pox through Western inspired aid. Africa is much better than it was 40 years ago. As hand Rosling says, most people on the West know less than chimpanzee of the success of helping Africa.
0gjm
I don't see how. I'll assume, at least for the sake of argument, that your account of how these things work out is accurate; how would it go any better if the volunteers had different, less selfless, motivation? And why blame the situation on the volunteers' selflessness rather than on any of the other elements in the situation -- the locals' preference for cheaper but worse medical care, the offers for the physicians to emigrate, the fact that the local physicians are dependent on money from the locals rather than being paid by the government as in some Western countries, the fact that the volunteers eventually go away? Actually, I'm a bit confused by the description of the process. So, the problem is that the volunteers turn up, provide cheap medical care thus putting the local physician out of business, and then go away. If the volunteers stayed around, the locals would have cheap medical care all the time and presumably that's a good outcome. Now, why does the local physician emigrate to the West rather than just moving down the road to another village that doesn't have western volunteers? Is it because there's more money to be made by emigrating? (In that case, surely the temptation is there even without the western volunteers.) Is it because the village down the road also has volunteers undercutting the physician? (If that's commonly the case, then a large fraction of the country must be getting free medical care from these volunteers -- so are you sure they aren't doing more good than harm overall?) Is it because the village down the road has its own physician? (If that's commonly the case, then the country isn't so desperately short of physicians as you describe.) I dunno -- I'm just having trouble seeing how your account fits together. Is it actually well founded on evidence? Would those African rural outposts have been better off if their first-aid volunteers had all been wearing masks and keeping their identities secret?
0Jiro
EA doesn't do that kind of thing. The currently popular idea is buying malaria nets. I don't think there's a large indigenous malaria net industry that is being displaced by this. You're actually right--giving Africans free things can destroy the indigenous economy by making it hard for natives to make money--but not right about EA.
Ego-20

Scratching the surface of motivation reveals a troubling catch-22.

Selflessness is a key element for altruism. Without selflessness the person would not be an altruist. They would be doing good for some personal reason. A truly selfless person would not promote their Effective Altruism since the status earned from others knowing would be a form of repayment for the EA.

What if you were a completely anonymous EA? A useful game might be to notice when you are tempted to mention your EA status. That is when the true motivation rears it head.

I've had th... (read more)

1Gleb_Tsipursky
Would you not want someone doing altruistic things for personally beneficial reasons? That's not very instrumentally rational, and is the antithesis of effective altruism, which is about doing the utmost we can to advance human flourishing. If our end goal is to improve human flourishing, then I very much want people to do things to contribute to that goal, regardless of their motivations.
Ego20

It's simply "work first, fun later" on a larger scale.

It is possible that you are leaving out an important piece of the equation?

Debt first, work second, fun much later if, and only if, you are able to avoid the hedonic inflation that so often infects those who pursue careers for prestige.