All of gaffa's Comments + Replies

gaffa20

Strictly speaking these are bar charts rather than histograms, aren't they?

1Morendil
Good catch, thanks. Edited title and text to fix.
gaffa10

As a first reaction (and without being read up on the details), I'm very skeptical. Assuming these three systems are actually in place, I don't see any convincing reason why any one of them should be trusted in isolation. Natural selection has only ever been able to work on their compound output, oblivious to the role played by each one individually and how they interact.

Maybe the "smart" system has been trained to assign some particular outcome a value of 5 utilons, whereas we would all agree that it's surely and under all circumstances worth mo... (read more)

1mfb
As I understand it, the first system should be able to predict the result of the other two - if the brain knows a bit about how brains work. While I don't know if the brain really has three different systems, I think that the basic idea is true: The brain has the option to rely on instincts, on "it worked before", or on "let's make a pro/contra list" - this includes any combination of the concepts. The "lower" systems evolved before the "higher" ones, therefore I would expect that they can work as a stand-alone system as well (and they do in some animals).
0endoself
I'm not familiar with the theory beyond what Luke has posted, but I think only one system is active at a time, so there is no summation occurring. However, we don't yet know what determines which system makes a particular decision or how these systems are implemented, so there definitely could be problems isolating them.
gaffa10

At least for me, I've found that studying some machine learning has kind of broadened my perspectives on rationality in general. Even if we humans don't apply the algorithms that we find in machine learning textbooks ourselves, I still find it illuminating to study how we try make machines perform rational inference. The field also concerns itself with more general, if you will philosophical questions relating to e.g. how to properly evaluate the performance of predictive agents, the trade-off between model complexity and generality and the issue of overfitting. These kind of questions are very general in nature and should probably be of some interest to students of any kind of learning agents, be they human or machine.

gaffa50

I'm still not convinced that drawing has any real relevance to rationality. To me drawing seems to mostly involve unconscious motor learning that does not generalize much to other domains. For most rationality related purposes I don't see any major difference from other motor-based, practice-requiring skills such as juggling, playing golf, playing an instrument or patting-your-head-while-rubbing-your-stomach.

Sure, in some sense you will have to "see reality, as it truly is", and sure "your model of reality will be flawed, and you'll need to ... (read more)

1Raemon
I edited the article to explain what I meant a little better, and sound a little less grandiose. (I'm not entirely sure it's better this way - I have the old article saved, anyone who read both articles, let me know what you think of the difference). I think I may have implied a particular kind of "relevance" that I didn't intend to. Let me know if you still disagree. Also let me know if the disagreement stems from me misusing the word rationality, or from you disbelieving that drawing will have the effect that I say it will. I think it's very easy to learn to draw without having the skills generalize, but I do think certain skills can generalize if you approach them in a certain way. (I'm trying to work out a testable prediction that would settle this, but I don't think we have very good tests that measure the relevant things in the first place)
gaffa10

The link for "Countdown to Zero" points to the wrong place (I presume).

0lukeprog
Fixed, thanks.
gaffa290

You can't make a movie and say 'It was all a big accident' - no, it has to be a conspiracy, people plotting together. Because in a story, a story is about intention. A story is not about spontaneous order or complex human institutions which are the product of human action but not of human design - no, a story is about evil people plotting together.

5NancyLebovitz
There's a mystery novel that left me incredibly angry at the author because I was expecting an interesting complex cause tying all the murders together, but there wasn't. I'm probably a calmer person now, and for all I know, there may have been hints I was missing about what sort of story it was. Gur Anzr bs gur Ebfr

One of the strengths of Apollo 13 is that it has only good guys in it, battling together against an unforeseen, mysterious and near-lethal twist of fate.

dlthomas160

Apparently he hasn't seen many Cohen brothers movies...

gaffa00

Yeah sure, that's cool with me. We could also decide on the train for the way back (if you're going back), though SJ's site is down for maintenance at the moment. Anyhow I'll send you my contact info by PM.

gaffa60

I think "Get genotyped for free" would work, I don't know how many people will not fully understand what is meant but it'd be hard to come up with something else without getting non-snappy.

6David Althaus
Done.
gaffa20

I will come - I'm in Uppsala currently but I'll take the train down there.

1NihilCredo
Hey, I'm in Uppsala as well, we can take the same train! Does the 13.09 regional sound good? It arrives at 13.49 which is a bit tight (my fault, I should have checked the timetable before), but at a brisk walk we should still be there on time.
gaffa200

Actually, they will not sequence your genome - they will genotype you. It's actually quite a difference and I would recommend changing the title of this post. So what they do is use a so called "SNP chip" to test your genotype at a large number (hundreds of thousands) of positions known to be polymorphic in the human population (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNP_genotyping). This is the same technology currently used by personal genomics companies such as 23andMe, and it's not particularly expensive.

Sequencing a genome is done by totally differen... (read more)

4jefftk
I signed up for this back in March 2012, sent in my spit in September, and according to an email I got today they're actually sequencing my full genome. So it turns out the original title was correct (at least in my case).
3David Althaus
Thanks for correcting my error. How should I name the title? What about "SNP genotyping for free! ( If your IQ is in the 99,9th percentile) " ( The problem is that some people, like me, may not know the term. Which makes for bad marketing :-) )
gaffa00

Clicking the first image for full size isn't working, seems to be a link problem there.

gaffa00

Gothenburg, Sweden.

gaffa60

I've heard about people doing this for sports events they care about - e.g. betting against their national team qualifying for the soccer World Cup.

gaffa10

While I don't disagree that it can be valuable to say that there's something wrong with a theory, it should be noted that at least for factual matters, if you can't provide an alternative explanation then your criticism isn't actually that strong. The probability of a hypothesis being the true explanation for an observation is the fraction its probability makes up of the total probability of that observation (summing over all competing hypothesis, weighed by their respective likelihoods). If you can't move in with another hypothesis to steal some probability clay from the first hypothesis (by providing likelihood values that better predict the observations), that first hypothesis is not going to take a hit.

gaffa40

Has anyone read, and could comment on, Scientific Reasoning: The Bayesian Approach by philosophers Howson and Urbach? To me it appears to be the major work on Bayes from within mainstream philosophy of science, but reviews are mixed and I can't really get a feel for its quality and whether it's worth reading.

gaffa10

Tabloid 100% gold. Hanson slayed me.

gaffa40

Where on Earth have you been for the last couple of days? : ] Hiding in a Croatian cave?

That being said, we currently have no reason to believe that this interbreeding had any phenotypic effects on the human lineage.

5timtyler
I am not aware of any evidence that "the "big bang" in cultural evolution that occured about 30,000 to 40,000 years ago" was caused by interbreeding with Neanderthals. That is probably bunk, IMHO. An entertaining story, but lacking in supporting evidence.
gaffa20

If we're looking to find out if humans vary significantly in their psychological phenotypes, why not compare these phenotypes directly rather than appealing to highly shaky evolutionary speculations about genotypes?

(Sure, environmental variation also contributes to phenotypic variation, but we have no reason to believe that the current level of human psychological variation is masked by environmental factors - especially since right now environmental variation is probably at its peak in human history)

PhilGoetz170

I'm sure the NIH would love to fund research comparing cognitive phenotypes of different races! Just remember to budget for nails and a cross in your proposal.

From Science, March 12 2010, p. 1316:

'Elsevier told Charlton [editor of a controversial Elsevier non-peer-reviewed journal that published AIDS denial articles] on 22 January that Medical Hypothesis would have to become a peer-reviewed journal. Potentially controversial papers should receive careful scrutiny, the publisher said, and some topics - including "hypotheses that could be interpreted as supporting racism" - should be off-limits.'

gaffa10

Does anyone know a popular science book about, how should I put it, statistical patterns and distributions in the universe. Like, what kind of things follow normal distributions and why, why do power laws emerge everywhere, why scale-free networks all over the place, etc. etc.

Sorry for ranting instead of answering your question, but "power laws emerge everywhere" is mostly bullshit. Power laws are less ubiquitous than some experts want you to believe. And when you do see them, the underlying mechanisms are much more diverse than what these experts will suggest. They have an agenda: they want you to believe that they can solve your (biology, sociology, epidemiology, computer networks etc.) problem with their statistical mechanics toolbox. Usually they can't.

For some counterbalance, see Cosma Shalizi's work. He has many... (read more)

1Cyan
You could try "Ubiquity" by Mark Buchanan for the power law stuff, but it's been a while since I read it, so I can't vouch for it completely. (Confusingly, Amazon lists three books with that title and different subtitles, all by that author, all published around 2001-2002.)
gaffa220

…it is fatally easy to read a pattern into stochastically generated data.

-- John Maynard Smith (The Causes of Extinction, 1989)

3wedrifid
There can be patterns in stochastically generated data.
gaffa60

He thought he knew that there was no point in heading any further in that direction, and, as Socrates never tired of pointing out, thinking that you know when you don't is the main cause of philosophical paralysis.

-- Daniel Dennett, Darwin's Dangerous Idea

8jscn
It ain't what you don't know that gets you into trouble. It's what you know for sure that just ain't so. -- Mark Twain Clearly Dennett has his sources all mixed up.
6Cyan
Just out of curiosity, who is being discussed, and what direction did he discount?
gaffa00

My reading of that sentence was that Kaj_Sotala focused not on the happiness part of utilitarianism, but on the expected utility calculation part. That is, that everyone needs to make an expected utility calculation to make moral decisions. I don't think any particular type of utility was meant to be implied as necessary.

gaffa60

The point is to imagine the event that is the least bad, but still bad. If dust specks doesn't do it for you, imagine something else. What event you choose is not supposed to be the crucial part of the dilemma.

-6Simulacra
gaffa110

It is better to have an approximate answer to the right question than an exact answer to the wrong question.

-- John Tukey

5conchis
FWIW, the exact quote (from pp.13-14 of this article) is: Your paraphrase is snappier though (as well as being less ambiguous; it's hard to tell in the original whether Tukey intends the adjectives "vague" and "precise" to apply to the questions or the answers).
gaffa10

This isn't really true. Only organisms with mitochondria developed multicellularity. Mitochondria are the hard part.

doi: 10.1073/pnas.0702207104:

Multicellularity is widely viewed as a unique attribute of eukaryotes, somehow made possible by the origin of a more complex cellular architecture and, without question, with the assistance of natural selection. However, it is difficult to defend this assertion in any formal way. Complex, multicellularity has only arisen twice, once in animals and once in vascular plants. One might add fungi to the list, alth

... (read more)
gaffa40

"We have tried to do this in a hypothesis-independent manner because there is nothing more dangerous in life than a good hypothesis."

--Kári Stefánsson, deCODE Genetics

gaffa70

"Although the first solution is the one usually given, I prefer this second one because it reduces the need to think, replacing it by the automatic calculus. Thinking is hard, so only use it where essential."

--Dennis Lindley, Understanding Uncertainty

gaffa00

How does everyone feel about posts not consisting of info, advice or reflection, but only of request for help or the pointing out of problems and difficult questions? So far on LW the former kind of posts have been dominating, with the general feel, inherited from OB, that posts should be high-quality contributions from the poster to the community. But could there also be room for posts just consisting of "I have this problem (relevant to our topic) and I need help" or straight-forward questions without much complementary reflection from the post... (read more)

0Vladimir_Nesov
To the Open Thread. I think there is no need to create so many varieties of the not-on-other-article-topics-comments threads.
gaffa80

On several occasions I've wanted to introduce people to Eliezer's writings (and OB/LW aswell), but due to its disorganized and heavily-dependent-on-other-material-in-a-great-messy-web-like nature, I have feared that just a "hey check this guy out" would most likely just result in the person reading a few random essays, saying "yeah I guess that's pretty interesting" and then forgetting about it. Right before LW launched, I seem to recall Eliezer talking about how the LW architecture would allow better organization and that maybe he woul... (read more)

6Eliezer Yudkowsky
My original plan was to organize things into sequences, but I now think that converting to a wiki/post model (concepts defined in wiki, which organizes posts, which link back to wiki) is an even bigger win, though sequence browsing would still be nice. Thing is, while I was actually writing all this stuff, I needed to just focus on writing it, as much as possible, even at the expense of usability - and go back and fix the accessibility afterward. It's not optimal but it got the job done.
gaffa70

I used to play a competitive multiplayer game at a fairly high level, and in the community "play to win" was the standard dogma to throw at "scrubs" who complained about what they felt were unfair tactics or exploitation of bugs or unbalanced strategies. In this particular community, this attitude reached a somewhat unpleasant magnitude and many potentially constructive concerns or reflections upon player behaviour or game balance was met with hostility. The "play to win" doctrine to some extent hampered discussion in the comm... (read more)

0wedrifid
Which is just 'playing to win' at a somewhat higher level. 'Feelings' are far more ruthlessly competitive than most humans mange explicitly.
gaffa120

Am I the only one who is isn't entirely positive towards the heavy use of language identifying the LW community as "rationalists", including terms like "rationalist training" etc.? (Though he is by far the heaviest user of this kind of language, I'm not really talking about Eliezer here, his language use is whole topic on its own - I'm restricting this particular concern to other people, to the general LW non-Eliezer jargon). Is strongly self-identifying as a "rationalist" really such a good thing? Does it really help you sol... (read more)

5DanielLC
I define "rationalist" to be "someone who tries to become more rational". I'm fine with calling this a community of rationalists. I don't like it when people use "rationalist" to refer exclusively to members of this community.

I find it much more tolerable when 'aspiring' is added.

gaffa30

Post here if you live in Sweden.

0gaffa
Gothenburg, Sweden.
1luff
Härnösand, Sweden.
1NihilCredo
Uppsala, Sweden.
2Henrik_Jonsson
Umeå, Sweden.
2Jens
Stockholm, Sweden.
gaffa40

Maybe it would be nice if some people wrote a few "tutorial"-like or basic lesson-kind of posts aimed at people who are new to the whole "rationalist" thing, covering for example basic concepts in probability theory and statistics, decision theory, cognitive bias etc., thereby making LW more accessible to newcomers who want to get on the train but might have never been exposed to these topics before. These posts could be sorted under a special tag that could be linked to in the "About" section.

1billswift
I've been putting some of my notes on learning and independent study together into sort of mini-essays (and a couple not so mini) on my blog http://williambswift.blogspot.com/ . Some of the things I've written about so far are: Knowing Lots of Facts Why Learning Optimism - Dangers and Benefits Assorted Comments on Tools Plateaus in Learning Learning Journal and Record Depth of Knowledge Stages of Study Commitment The Value of Mistakes: Mistakes and Learning Getting Things Right by Avoiding Mistakes The most recent post Knowing Lots of Facts actually grew out of a comment I posted here on LW. I haven't posted any of these essays here because they seem rather peripheral to the actual content of LW, though some of them directly address the title theme of getting things Less Wrong. PS - I intended to make a simple single space list, but it either ran them all together or required me to double-space the list. What can I do about it?