All of kotrfa's Comments + Replies

kotrfa30

Thanks. I think I get it now. (at least one of) my confusion was something between confusing a "transformer run" and "number of FLOPS".

And I get the thing about cost, that's what I meant but I articulated it poorly.

4mishka
An extra recent observation point: currently GPT-4o cost is $5.00 / 1M input tokens and $15.00 / 1M output tokens https://openai.com/api/pricing/ They just made an experimental "long output" up to 64K output tokens per request available for "alpha users", and here was what they did for pricing https://openai.com/gpt-4o-long-output/:
kotrfa10

Got it, thanks!

But to process the 1001st input token, you also need to load all the 1000 tokens in memory, forming the cache (it does happen in one step though). And for each new output token, you surely don't dump all the existing KV cache after each generation, only to load it again to append an extra KV vectors for the last generated token. So isn't the extra work for output tokens just that the KV cache is accessed, generated, expanded, one token at a time, and that's where the "more work" come from?

Is there any reason why this would imply the ratio of pricing of output:input tokens being commonly something like 3:1?

1kotrfa
Heh, I actually think it's answered here.
kotrfa10

Thanks for the answer, I appreciate it!

Intuitively, it seems that output tokens should be more expensive. The autoregressive model has to run once for each output token, and as these runs progress, output tokens gradually become a part of the input (so the last token is generated with context being all input and almost all output).

I agree with the intuition, but I think that's where I am confused. Thanks to the KV cache we do not run the new input sequence (previous sequence + last generated token) through the encoders (as we do for the input sequence... (read more)

1tjbai
Output tokens certainly do not scale linearly, even with a KV cache. The KV cache means you don't need to recompute the k/q/v vectors for each of the previous tokens, but you still need to compute n kq dot products for the (n+1)'st token.
2mishka
One has to run the whole Transformer once for an output token. So if we ignore the difference between runs, the complexity would be the number of output tokens multiplied by the cost of a single run. Now, what is the cost of the run, and how does it vary? The context to that run is sometimes all inputs, sometimes all inputs and almost all outputs, and sometimes something in between. If we disregard the fact that output tokens are only included in contexts of some of the runs, then input and output tokens should contribute similarly to the cost of the typical run (although, in reality output tokens contribute less, because a typical output token only participates in approximately half of those runs, with early output tokens participating in almost all runs and late output tokens participating in almost no runs). I am not sure how things like KV caching affect that. So a typical output token would contribute about a half of the contribution of an input token to the cost of a single run. (I would assume that a clever caching schema would eliminate or reduce the difference between input and output tokens in the sense of their contribution to the cost of a single run.) But the number of runs is exactly the number of output tokens, so the overall cost seems to grow much faster when the number of output tokens grows. No, the typical pricing tends to be the same (unless one can score a discounted plan). But some queries might bring more profit, some queries might bring less profit, and some queries might be at a loss, depending on the query. The provider is OK with non-uniform margin on the queries and with dependency of that margin on the number of input tokens, the number of output tokens, and so on. They care about average payments vs average costs. (Similarly, with flat monthly fee in interfaces like ChatGPT, they make more money off light users, and might even be OK with taking a loss with the heaviest users as long as there are not too many of them.)
kotrfa20

Even though some commenters mentioned some issues with the article, I really want to appreciate the attempt and being upfront with the estimates. It's very relevant for the thing I am now trying to figure out. As I have almost no intuitions about this except about some raw FLOPS, it pointed to important flaws my analysis would have. There are not many public sources that would explain that [are not a book or don't require me reading one-to-many to understand it]

kotrfa30

Yes, but to defend (hehe) OP, he seems to be fully aware of that and addresses that explicitly in the linked article (which is also excellent, like this one):

In part because of those aforementioned stats on the frequency of guilty pleas, public defenders have garnered a reputation for being trial-averse, for pressuring clients to cop a plea just to keep the machine humming along. I think this reputation is ill-deserved. It’s completely counter to my own experience, at least, as few things are talked about with as much awed respect among one’s public-defe

... (read more)
kotrfa10

Thanks for the feedback and the encouragement, I will incorporate these.

Btw. for questions 2-4 there is an intentional redundancy.

kotrfa10

(slightly tangential) I think people are doing a terrible bucket error with competency, and that is that people overestimate how are others competent across all dimensions. I.e. it's often enough for a person to show great competency in providing vision, and we assume that person also needs to be great in leadership or management, and people are shocked it's not the case. Other examples:

  1. scientist being great in research, therefore they need to be great teachers or college management
  2. doctors are great in diagnosing, therefore they need to be great surgeons
  3. programmer being great in programming, therefore they need to be great in leading the rest of team or mentoring ...
kotrfa10

Hey. I decided on a private school with more of a "democratic approach". I unfortunately wasn't able to find suitable tutors etc.

I am also trying to process what ChatGPT-like platforms will do with the landscape. E.g. my partner is using coding almost exclusively with ChatGPT and it's outstanding. Kids gonna follow IMHO.

kotrfa*32

Thanks Duncan, I really appreciate you posting this, even though you are unsure about how exactly it all fits together. I am still glad to read it in this version, likely because you are quite clear about it, and not "leaving it as an exercise for the reader" to figure out where things do fit together and where they don't (or worse, trying to make it more profound).

All of these might be stating obvious to some of you, but I am trying to clarify my thoughts and maybe some people will find it useful or correct me. At least part of this relates to (by me endo... (read more)

kotrfa30

Oh, I really enjoyed reading this, this is so LW-rationality-curiosity-boggle-at-things post. Thanks!

kotrfa30

Thanks, that's helpful.

Also, kudos for Lily to know active listening and being awesome.

kotrfa20

I am curious about how you introduced money to your kids? Do you have some "framework" for that? I did a small research and didn't end up with any really novel ideas (I am happy to share my findings and conclusions, but it's a fairly small page in roam).

Basically, what I want to do with my daughter:

  • give her an opportunity to earn money by doing age-appropriate jobs (helping me to clean the kitchen), but not for things that she's expected to do for "reasonable reasons", such as cleaning her toys in common areas, rather lower allowance (but some)
  • make it c
... (read more)
7jefftk
I think my kids got at least a basic idea of money by the time they were ~4, from watching adults in their lives pay for things or talk about it. We also started them on allowance, $1/wk, on their 4th birthdays. I agree that paying them to do things that they're supposed to do anyway is not a good plan. Lily, at 6y, has been interested in finding other ways of earning money. She's tried selling homemade jewelry online, without much success (https://www.lilywise.com/jewelry). I've paid her a bit to help me work on the house, spackling holes and things, but I don't usually have things I need doing that the kids can do. I asked Lily, and she said "you should start by getting some money and then putting it on the table and then you can tell them all about the money and have them repeat what you just said and I think that should work pretty good. Also take a piece of paper and put a marker on the table too, so that you can show them some things that you can do with money, like how you add money." This sounds to me like it might be a bit too talky? Mostly I've focused on trying to give them experience with it, in safe ways.
kotrfa*50

This is an excellent post. I have been doing bets with my 4y old daughter already as well (and I am following your projects for a quite some time already)!

kotrfa10

Yeah, that's useful. Agree on the assessment, I want to give it a shot with one of those Bridgelux Vesta Thrive thing, it sounds like a good hobby project I would like to try. If that happens, I would do a post about it here.

kotrfa20

By the way, I asked about this setup on reddit. They also recommend some custom COBs, which seems to be the most powerful solution, but isn't as practical as strips.

1knockout moose
That's a pretty good thread, and also reveals that there is an existing single-component solution for the scheduled dimmer potentiometer, from the aquarium sphere, which I hadn't thought of at all. A hundred bucks is a bit more than I was hoping to see, since you still probably need one for each room, but at the very least it simplifies things for the early adopters. I thought the strips seemed pretty attractive for people making their own setups, since they can passively cool and are already somewhat diffuse. I do think the intensity is plenty high enough (20,000lm in a 56x26cm board), but these Bridgelux COBs the fellow mentions are 10-15% as expensive per lumen as the Optisolis strips, and outperform them too, at least according to their own measurements. As he says, it's not much more complicated electrically to set them up, but you do have to fasten them to a heatsink with thermal paste, and possibly mount a reflector, which makes things somewhat more tedious. Overall though, even with the expensive controller, a 20000lm device is probably still coming in under 200 USD for materials (not including however you mount it in the space), which is pretty similar to what you get out of the Hue bulbs.
kotrfa20

These look very promising, ship to Europe too. Extra high-CRI, very powerful (up 2600 lumens/m) and even dimmable? Wow. A bit unfortunate they are 5x times as much expensive than other high-CRI high-power led strip.

3knockout moose
Yes, how much difference does the 400-450nm segment make? I can see the absence of the huge blue spike potentially leading to less circadian disturbance. Maybe someone who already has one of the lower-CRI high-intensity setups could try this out, exchange which one is operating in which room, and see if they have a preference for one or the other. If the gradual color shift wasn't important, the setup would be very simple to trial. A couple notes: 1. In regards to dimming, I have seen (fairly well-regarded) third parties saying that the CCT/tint stays pretty stable for the Optisolis under current-regulated dimming (as opposed to PWM), but I don't think Nichia themselves make any claims about it. I don't even have hearsay about the Sunlike. 2. Just as a followup to my first comment, I have noticed that Yuji has claimed 98CRI stuff also, with two CCTs on separate circuits on the same board, which is convenient. (I was just thinking of buddying the strips) But the price is not competitive, and I have a little more trust in Nichia and Seoul SC just because they are major global players in LED manufacture.
kotrfa20

I am glad there are more posts on this. Are there any reasons why not considering LED strips at all? When installed properly with the "milk" diffuser and as indirect lightning, it's IMO quite nice and effective. They seem to be powerful enough (20W are about 2k lumens/m), can be also found in high-CRI variants, less expensive, various CCT, dimmable, etc. I am considering using them in a new house. Basically, multiple parallel led (with different CCT, like 3000, 4500, 6400) strips diffused against a wall/ceiling, controlled via smart relays and incorporated... (read more)

5Richard Korzekwa
Thanks! The last time I was shopping for LED strips, they just weren't bright enough to really light up a room, but it looks like that has changed. I'll add something about this in the post. BTW, what I was using LED strips for was "UFO lighting" around the base of my bed. The relatively dim, low CCT strips were attached around the bottom edge of my bed frame, with the LEDs pointing toward the floor. The scattered light was just enough to read by, and having the light mainly on the floor was good for not tripping over things if I had to get up in the middle of the night.
Answer by kotrfa10

I am so glad this question is here, as it's very relevant to my post a few weeks back about Effective Children Education.

By the way, I recommend following Duncan Sabien (referenced in the post below) on Facebook, he has good posts about children edu, e.g. his speech for sixth-graders (referenced by someone else here - but she picked the good parts).

As mentioned below, Julia Galef also sometimes mentions something related, but I haven't found much

kotrfa10

Hi! This is an excellent answer, thanks.

[...] I believe your questions relate to all three ways to different extents (although the title of the post leans towards the HOW types of questions), but I found it useful to differentiate between these issues in order to make sure my time, money and efforts are well spent.

Needless to say that I updated significantly in the past month since I posted this question and the "Why" and "What" has definitely enlarged. I agree with you that it's a useful framework to have. I am also thankful for the practical bits. 

I

... (read more)
Answer by kotrfa20

The contraception didn't work and it was too late for abortion (should we choose it as an option)

kotrfa10

It's great to see some support like this. Not just to help with motivation but also to see what the interest is. 

I think there is a massive opportunity in creating a k-12 home schooling version of Lambda School but targeted at general knowledge. Why not start by work together on it?

I am interested as it's probably clear from my question, but I don't think I would be a good fit to actually put it together (or that it would be cost-effective). I would be happy to put and run some structure which could do this. I should emphasize though that I am not try

... (read more)
1baybutt
Yeah, I've been looking for support on the same topic just starting small. For example, I have been gathering resources (i.e. just links) on education for children 0-5 as I have little to not understanding of what would be useful experiences for them. I'd love to collaborate with someone on what the big questions and the small. Broad: what should you try to teach a child before they reach age 5? First and foremost, values? How to social with others? Intuition for mathematics? Narrow: how much should you read to a child? What? Why? Find the format here in the forum to not structure the information well for review/edit/extension. Perhaps a Google Doc?
kotrfa30

Hi. Thanks a lot for a really nice write-up. 

It seems that the regulations in the Czech Republic are actually legally "workable", i.e. it's possible to teach kids close to self-directed without having to do a lot of "compulsory curriculum" (i.e. my estimate is <5%). It also seems there is a "subculture" of families doing this and I managed to get to some people who know how to deal with this.

My conclusion is that there is no simple answer.

I don't aim for a simple answer and I do not expect there is some. But as I said, the current system seems so b

... (read more)
kotrfa20

Thanks for the tip and links. Unfortunately, it doesn't show much in Prague (but still gives me a hint about what to look for even if some school isn't registered in the linked project).

The OP seems intent on designing/engineering the perfect education, when the answer from this perspective will require a lot of letting go.

Hm... I don't think I would have issues of having to do so. I am trying to understand how to think about this, and this simply didn't occur to me before. In fact, it seems that me and my girlfriend are currently rather at the side of trying to figure out how to do this in self-directed-way, but it's still in early stages.

kotrfa*10

Thanks Vil. I agree with Ericf comment that you seem to try to take it more generically than I intended (i.e. I realize that I have resources 99% of the local population doesn't). That said, I fully agree with you on these points.

it takes about 1 hour to teach at home what they teach at school in 1 day

These are good datapoints, thanks. 

And yeah, I would hope that with internet and some good courses which would give the kids some "library" of what I could learn + mixed with the self-driven learning wouldn't need a full attention of a tutor. 

4Viliam
By the way, Khan Academy is already localized to Czech language (including dubbed explanatory videos). Recommended. Also, most of the Il était une fois… series were dubbed. I believe there are already many great resources out there. What needs to be done is to properly review them, and catalogue the good ones. Just knowing that a needle exists somewhere is the haystack is not useful enough. From my perspective, filtering and cataloguing is the most meaningful thing the school can do. (It could also be done by a group of volunteers with a web page, of course.) Whatever reservations I have about the school system, I still trust the school textbooks on physics more than I trust random internet videos on quantum physics. (Of course, you can buy the textbooks without attending the school.)
kotrfa30

Thanks for clarifying my questions.

The key point (I'm synthesizing this from How Children Learn and How Children Fail, by John Holt) [...]

It's very much similar to what @Raj mentioned above, am I right? Seems that Holt advocates for self-driven learning, e.g. from a goodreads review:

Holt believes that children learn best when they learn at their own pace and pursue their own interests--learning should never be forced or uniform, but spontaneous and dynamic. Children don't need to be "taught" -- they simply need to be given opportunites to LEARN

Thanks for t

... (read more)
kotrfa10

Hey Raj. Thanks a lot for an insightful post, it's definitely that sort of things I was looking after, regardless if I immediately agree with them or not.

1-self learning: How I read it so far is that instead of selecting "the way" first and optimizing it later, instead it might be a good idea to focus on learning how to learn by yourself first, recognizing what's the most effective in any given case, be it via internet or an actual human resource such as a tutor.

By the way, my solely main motivation for her to know English was the access to much better mat

... (read more)
2Raj Thimmiah
I'm happy to hear that! Sort of, though this is mostly my vague theory. I think the ultralearning thing that Panashe mentioned could be a useful framework though I'm not super familiar with it. People like Peter Gray who are experts on homeschooling/self directed learning could also be worth looking into. Yeah, that's a pretty important long-term skill. It would be really challenging to have be able to freely learn whatever you want without access to the English internet. Awesome. One thing to be careful of is that people think schools are important for socialization. I like Seymour Papert's answer to that: Nothing bothers me more than when people criticize my criticism of school by telling me that schools are not just places to learn maths and spelling, they are places where children learn a vaguely defined thing called socialization. I know. I think schools generally do an effective and terribly damaging job of teaching children to be infantile, dependent, intellectually dishonest, passive and disrespectful to their own developmental capacities I've found the above criticism fairly true for my experience with school. I ended up with a lot of not great socialization habits that took a long while to unravel. It feels like I'm going on a bit too much but one other heuristic to consider: try to do for your daughter what you would have liked as a child rather than what you as a parent think you should do. It's very easy to assume that you know better than your child, and you do, but coercion is really bad. Trying to influence choices by making them appealing is far healthier than forcing things which I think younger you probably would have appreciated too.
kotrfa*10

Thanks @ericf!

How neurotypical is your child?

She's regular kid, so neurotypical. Goes to an English speaking kindergarten (so she speaks fluently two languages + we are starting with Spanish) where she does above average according to the teachers with behavior and socializing, although she prefer playing with teachers and older kids. Thanks to the fact that one of us didn't have to work, we could spend a lot of time with her in the first 3 years and now she can read simple words and sentences (in English - how I hate its irregularities damn!) and do simple

... (read more)
3Ericf
I translated what the median U.S.A. teacher has into generic language to come up with the tutor criteria. That is based on anecdotal data from observing n of approx. 50 and hearing first-hand of another n of approx. 100. Yes, in the "good" school districts in the US that are big enough, there can be classes like Theater, Biotechnology, a full spread of AP/IRB classes, Computer Programming back in the '90s, a school newspaper / tv station, an actual Film (ie movie creation) class, etc. Free university lectures are good (and a step up from the widely available YouTube classes, for the in-person Q&A with other students), but in many cases there is physical equipment (science labs, performance venues, machine shops) that wouldn't be available for free. For a typical kid with high self-directedness, you probably only need 10 hr/week of professional guidance, plus continuing to have involved parents. The key point (I'm synthesizing this from How Children Learn and How Children Fail, by John Holt) is that the learner needs two things to succeed: 1. Access to a trusted authority, to get their questions answered (eg "how do I even get started with this?" or "Did I do this right?" or "What is this one tricky word?") 2. Someone observing them while they work, to spot the unknown unknowns and answer the questions the student doesn't even know they have.
kotrfa10

In a way that you never "go back" and edit the "immutable" previous writeups, right?

1Past Account
Well, the ordering refers to where the entry is. It’s possible to make edits after the fact. For instance, I correct typos whenever I see them. However, I don’t ‘delete’ entries.
Answer by kotrfa20

Sorry, a quick question: linear means something like:

  • Tuesday: I bough bananas and strawberries
  • Wednesday: Bananas are good

while non-linear means

  • Bananas:
    • I bought them (Tuesday)
    • They are good (Wednesday)
  • Strawberries
    • I bought them (Tuesday)

?

1Past Account
[Deleted]
kotrfa10

Yeah, seems that we use success system by default then. Thanks again!

3kithpendragon
You're very welcome! I hope you have tons of fun! :D [ETA] In the interest of good systems overload, my wife notes that one of her online homeschooling groups has had luck with Adventures Await, No Thank You, Evil, and Hero Kids with the very little kids.
kotrfa20

Thanks, that's pretty interesting, it's good to get some inspiration from it and then replace "inappropriate" words by something from her vocabulary (like princesses, dogs, cats instead of murderer, undead, zombie, ...) :-D . We'll get there, eventually.

kotrfa10

Thanks, that's stupid simple, love it. It seems that the little one likes cooperative storytelling a lot, but she doesn't understand the dices and the concept of opposing checks very well. I still do some hoping she picks up, eventually...

1kithpendragon
No reason you have to stick with opposing checks here, that's just the original system. You could use a successes system instead: any roll >X is a success, you need Y successes for the best outcome. You can even build in some flex here: >Y successes is "yes, and...", Y is "OK, that works", Y-1 is "yes, but...". Kid doesn't even have to fully understand at first how the dice affect the result, she'll catch on soon enough if she finds rolling the dice fun (like mine does) and you patiently explain the outcome each time. If you want to keep it even simpler, just pick a goal number and have her roll above that instead of opposing rolls. It's about what works for you and her to make the process fun!
kotrfa10

Hello. Is it possible for the author to review this and possibly update it? It has been already 4 years. I wonder, if something changed.

kotrfa00

I answered to that thread.

And I think I wrote you on Facebook. You should have my message in "others".

kotrfa00

I was thinking about today - Tuesday. But it seems a bit in hurry for other to notice. Do you have some date which would suit you? For example next week Wednesday 11?

kotrfa00

I am so sorry about not appearing on the meeting - I've got stuck in a train from east for several hours. I should have at least post it here when I knew that I can't make it. I am still really looking forward to meet you guys.

What about meeting on November 3 (Tuesday)?

0AlexLundborg
Do you mean Monday or Tuesday? :)
kotrfa00

On this meetup there was a guy from Ostrava. We exchanged numbers and emails and I promised that I will keep in touch. Unfortunately, my mobile phone crashed and I had to reinstall it, loosing my message history. I couldn't find him, since I do not remember the name. The only I remember is that he is doing his doctorate on VSB - FBI. Unfortunately, I couldn't find any name what would remind me him.

So if you are reading this, contact me!

kotrfa90

Can I know to who and where the money for the book goes?

From Amazon, 30% goes to Amazon and 70% goes to MIRI.

From e-junkie (the pay-what-you-want option): 100% goes to MIRI, minus PayPal transaction fees (a few %).

kotrfa00

It worth to note one more thing - I'm not really skilled Bayesian and rationalist, but I do my best and I'm currently studying. So far I've finished HPMOR, An Abridged Introduction to Less Wrong and now I'm working on core sequences. There I've just finished Map and Territory.

kotrfa00

For anyone interested, I've made an ebook variants for myself (epub, mobi, PDF, odt). It is far from awesome, but at least readable on e-book reader. https://www.dropbox.com/sh/6agp4otiukejb0g/AACO-5V1J8i0USBWUFL9nw74a

kotrfa00

Hello.

I was searching more about my interests and I've found a opportunity has a nice Bachelor's topic in maths/informatics/neuroscience. I was offered two topics:

  • Analyse properties of correlation matrix graphs (e.g small-world property)
  • Conditional mutual information - how to detect synergy and which values it can takes when there is restriction on cardinality of given variables.

Both are connected with neuroscience (e.g the correlation matrix is created by brain activity, variables are activities of different parts of brain etc.)

Does anyone have any informations or advices to this?

kotrfa20

Hi.

After some more research and digesting these answers (and some other sources), maybe this is just to heavy for me. But it is really interesting reading and thank you for that.

kotrfa00

Thank you for answer.

Could you redirect me to somewhere, where I could find what problems/directions are you talking about? Since I'm not so shining mathematician, maybe I could contribute in these areas, which I found similar interesting.

kotrfa00

Thank you. I'm just going to go through the papers publishers. Great idea!

The "mainstream-friendly" stuffs are maybe the middle-path for which I'm looking for, since response from Risto_Saarelma is pretty explanatory about my possibilities.

And it is possible to do similar kind of Bachelor's thesis and I believe it would be possible. That is not a problem. But, to be honest, I'd like to do some work which I find fulfilling even at tiniest amount. I'm doing literature review in my free-time.

kotrfa00

Thanks for the answer.

I don't know how I could miss MIRI's course recommendation list. It looks great. Will definitely take a closer look at it.

Second part is a bit disappointment for me, since I'm not that kind of student. I'm in the stronger group of mathematicians in my university, but in that group I'm in or below average (they are one of the best in my country).

Maybe I put too much weight too maths part of AGI, which are obviously aren't for me. And I'm not sure about taking PhD in it right now also. Do I understand correctly that right now there are... (read more)

0Risto_Saarelma
What you're looking for is work within a research program (in the philosophy of science sense, not in the organizational sense). You get a research program when you've figured out the basic paradigms of your field and have established that you can get meaningful progress by following those. Then you can get work like "grow these microbial strains in petri dishes and document which of these chemicals kills them fastest" or "work on this approximation algorithm for a special case of graph search and see if you can shave off a fraction from the exponent in the complexity class". The problem with AGI is that nobody really has an idea on the basic principles to build an expansive research program like that on yet. The work is basically about just managing to be clever and knowledgeable enough in all the right ways so that you have some chance to luck out into actually working on something that ends up making progress. It's like trying to study electromagnetism in 1820 instead of today, or classical mechanics in 1420 instead of today. Also, since there's no consensus on what will work, the field is full of semi-crackpots like Selmer Bringsjord, so even if you do manage to get doing academic research with someone credentialed and working on AGI, chances are you've found someone running an obviously dead-ended avenue of research and end up with a PhD on the phenomenological analysis of modal logics for hypercomputation in Brooksian robotics, and being even more useless for anyone with actual chances of developing an AGI than you were before you even got started. I'm not even sure if the problem is just "there are some cranks around in academic AGI research and you should avoid them", it might be "academic AGI research is currently considered a dead-end field and so most of the people who end up there will be useless cranks." If there's no entry level in AGI, the best thing to do is to try to figure out what the people who actually seem to be doing something promising in
6Kaj_Sotala
Alternative AGI course recommendation lists: one by Pei Wang, another by Ben Goertzel.
kotrfa40

Hello,

I'd like to get some opinions about my future goals.

I'm 21 and I'm a second-year student of engineering in Prague, Czech Republic, focusing mainly on math and then physics.

My background is not stunning - I was born in 93, visiting sporting primary school and then general high school. Until I was in second year of high school, I behaved as an idiot with below-average results in almost everything, paradoxically except extraordinary "general study presupposes" (whatever it means). My not so bad IQ - according to IQ test I took when I was 15 ... (read more)