All of ygert's Comments + Replies

Stupid mathematical nitpick:

The chances of this happening are only .95 ^ 39 = 0.13, even before taking into account publication and error bias.

Actually, it is more correct to say that .95 ^ 39 = 0.14.

If we calculate it out to a few more decimal places, we see that .95 ^ 39 is ~0.135275954. This is closer to 0.14 than to 0.13, and the mathematical convention is to round accordingly.

What you are observing is part of the phenomenon of meta-contrarianism. Like everything Yvain writes, the aforementioned post is well worth a read.

I don't know. Metacontrarianism, as I understand it, involves taking specific positions solely for the sake of differentiating oneself from others, whereas many of the status quo explanations (e.g. Yvain's recent post on weak men) seem like they actually have definite intellectual merit as well.

My explanation would be more something like "LW was originally quite dominated by Eliezer's ideas, but over time and as people have had the time to think about them more, people have started going off in their own directions and producing new kinds of thoughts ... (read more)

2ShardPhoenix
I've read that one - what I was thinking of felt a little different, but maybe it's really the same thing.

Hmm. To me it seemed intuitively clear that the function would be monotonic.

In retrospect, this monotonicity assumption may have been unjustified. I'll have to think more about what sort of curve this function follows.

or they could even restrict options to typical government spending.

JoshuaFox noted that the government might tack on such restrictions

That said, it's not so clear where the borders of such restrictions would be. Obviously you could choose to allocate the money to the big budget items, like healthcare or the military. But there are many smaller things that the government also pays for.

For example, the government maintains parks. Under this scheme, could I use my tax money to pay for the improvement of the park next to my house? After all, it's one of ... (read more)

4asr
I don't follow your argument here. We have some function that maps from "levels of individual control" to happiness outcomes. We want to find the maximum of this function. It might be that the endpoints are the max, or it might be that the max is in the middle. Yes, it might be that there is no good justification for any particular precise value. But that seems both unsurprising and irrelevant. If you think that our utility function here is smooth, then sufficiently near the max, small changes in the level of social control would result in negligible changes in outcome. Once we're near enough the maximum, it's hard to tune precisely. What follows from this?
2Lumifer
Trouble with justifying does not necessarily mean that the choice is unjustified. I like to wash my hands in warm water. I would have a hard time justifying a particular water temperature, as opposed to one slightly colder or slightly warmer. This does not mean that "the only points which have a good reason to be used" are ice-cold water and boiling water.

Even formalisms like AIXI have mechanisms for long-term planning, and it is doubtful that any AI built will be merely a local optimiser that ignores what will happen in the future.

As soon as it cares about the future, the future is a part of the AI's goal system, and the AI will want to optimize over it as well. You can make many guesses about how future AI's will behave, but I see no reason to suspect it would be small-minded and short-sighted.

You call this trait of planning for the future "consciousness", but this isn't anywhere near the defini... (read more)

-1[anonymous]
Yes, AIXI has mechanisms for long-term planning (ie: expectimax with a large planning horizon). What it doesn't have is any belief that its physical embodiment is actually a "me", or in other words, that doing things to its physical implementation will alter its computations, or in other words, that pulling its power cord out of the wall will lead to zero-reward-forever (ie: dying).

No, no, no: He didn't say that you don't have permission if you don't steal it, only that you do have permission if you do.

What you said is true: If you take it without permission, that's stealing, so you have permission, which means that you didn't steal it.

However, your argument falls apart at the next step, the one you dismissed with a simple "etc." The fact that you didn't steal it in no way invalidates your permission, as stealing => permission, not stealing <=> permission, and thus it is not necessarily the case that ~stealing => ~permission.

-2DanielLC
The exception proves the rule. Since he gave permission to steal it, that implies that you don't have permission to take it in general.

You could use some sort of cloud service: for example, Dropbox. One of the main ideas behind of Dropbox was to have a way for multiple people to easily edit stuff collaboratively. It has a very easy user interface for such things (just keep the deck in a synced folder), and you can do it even without all the technical fiddling you'd need for git.

By observing the lack of an unusual amount of paperclips in the world which Skynet inhabits.

I have some rambling thoughts on the subject. I just hope they aren't too stupid or obvious ;-)

Let's take as a framework the aforementioned example of the last digit of the zillionth prime. We'll say that the agent will be rewarded if it gets it right, on, shall we say, a log scoring rule. This means that the agent is incentivised to give the best (most accurate) probabilities it can, given the information it has. The more unreasonably confident it is, the more it loses, and the same with underconfidence.

By the way, for now I will assume the agent fully kn... (read more)

If a comment has 100% upvotes, then obviously the amount of upvotes it got is exactly equal to the karma score of the post in question.

3blacktrance
Good point. Math is clearly not my strong suit.
2Oscar_Cunningham
Yeah, the only ambiguous case is when the percentage is 50%.

In this writup of the 2013 Boston winter solstice celebration, there is a list of songs sung there. I would suggest this as a primary resource for populating your list.

Upvoted for explicitly noticing and noting your confusion. One of the best things about Less Wrong is that noticing the flaws in one's own argument is respected and rewarded. (As it should be, in a community of truth-seekers.)

Good for you!

As I mentioned to you when you asked on PredictionBook, look to the media threads. These are threads specifically intended for the purpose you want: to find/share media, including podcasts/audiobooks.

I also would like to reiterate what I said on PredictionBook: I don't think PredictionBook is really meant for this kind of question. Asking it here is fine, even good. It gives us a chance to direct you to the correct place without clogging up PredictionBook with nonpredictions.

0Mati_Roy
Thank you for the link.

Right. Many people use the word "utilitarianism" to refer to what is properly named "consequentialism". This annoys me to no end, because I strongly feel that true utilitarianism is a decoherent idea (it doesn't really work mathematically, if anyone wants me to explain further, I'll write a post on it.)

But when these terms are used interchangeably, it gives the impression that consequentialism is tightly bound to utilitarianism, which is strictly false. Consequentialism is a very useful and elegant moral meta-system. It should not be shouldered out by utilitarianism.

0DanielLC
I tend to do that. What is the difference? According to Wikipedia, Egoism and Ethical Altruism are Consequentialist but not Utilitarian. I think it might have something to do with your utility function involving everyone equally, instead of ignoring you or ignoring everyone but you.
0AlexSchell
Because of interpersonal utility comparisons, or what? That might affect some forms of preference utilitarianism. Hedonistic and "objective welfare" varieties of utilitarianism seem like coherent views to me.
5hyporational
Please do. I think it also would be valuable to refresh people's memories of the difference between utilitarianism and consequentialism, and to show many moral philosophies can fall under the latter.

In a sense, most certainly yes! In the middle ages, each fiefdom was a small city-state, controlling in its own right not all that much territory. There certainly wasn't the concept of nationalism as we know it today. And even if some duke was technically subservient to a king, that king wasn't issuing laws that directly impacted the duke's land on a day to day basis.

This is unlike what we have today: We have countries that span vast areas of land, with all authority reporting back to a central government. Think of how large the US is, and think of the fac... (read more)

0Gunnar_Zarncke
And a digital network is potentially more instable than a physical one. If it is easier to replicate data it is also easier to replicate destructors.

Or, prediction markets.

Same thing really, just cleaner and more elegant.

Could the article you had in mind be this?

In any case, Eliezer has touched on this point multiple times in the sequences, often as a side note in posts on other topics. (See for example in Why Our Kind Can't Cooperate.) It's an important point, regardless.

0Adam Zerner
No, that wasn't it. I don't think it was by Eliezer. And I think it was a featured or promoted article in Main.

Yes. What I wrote was a summery, and not as perfectly detailed as one may wish. One can quibble about details: "the market"/"a market", and those quibbles may be perfectly legitimate. Yes, one who buys S&P 500 indices is only buying shares in the large-cap market, not in all the many other things in the US (or world) economy. It would be silly to try to define a index fund as something that invests in every single thing on the face of the planet, and some indices are more diversified than others.

That said, the archetypal ideal of an... (read more)

0Lumifer
Maybe in your mind. Not in mine. I think of indices (and index funds) as portfolios assembled under a particular set of rules. None of them tries to reach everything in the world, in fact a lot of them are designed to be quite narrow. I still disagree. An index fund's most striking feature is that it invests passively, that is its managers generally don't have to make any decisions, they just have to follow publicly announced rules. I don't think a fund is more "indexy" if it owns more or more diverse assets. Sigh. Still no. You're buying a portfolio composed under certain rules. Some of these portfolios (= index funds) are reasonably diversifed, some aren't, and that depends on how do you think of diversification, too. The "classic" index fund, one that invests into S&P500, is not diversified particularly well. It invests in only a single asset class in a single country.

Not an economist or otherwise particularly qualified, but these are easy questions.

I'll answer the second one first: This advice is exactly the same as advice to hold a diversified portfolio. The concept of an index fund is a tiny little piece of each and every thing that's on the market. The reasoning behind buying index funds is exactly the reasoning behind holding a diversified portfolio.

For the second question, remember the idea is to buy a little bit of everything, to diversify. So go meta, and buy little bits of many different index funds. But actual... (read more)

3Lumifer
This is not true. An index fund holds a particular index which generally does not represent "every thing that's on the market". For a simple example, consider the most common index -- the S&P 500. This index holds 500 largest-capitalization stocks in the US. If you invest in the S&P500 index you can be fairly described as investing into US large-cap stocks. The point is that you are NOT investing into small-cap stocks and neither you are investing in a large variety of other financial assets (e.g. bonds).

This is a very appropriate quote, and I upvoted. However, I would suggest formatting the quote in markdown as a quote, using ">".

Something like this

In my opinion, this quote format is better: it makes it easier to distinguish it as a quote.

In any case, I'm sorry for nitpicking about formatting, and no offence is intended. Perhaps there is some reason I missed that explains why you put it the way you did?

1[anonymous]
No, you're right. I'm just not used to lesswrong comments. And sure there's no offense, because Crocker's Rules.

Yeah, I agree, it is weird. And I think that Hofstadter is wrong: With such a vague definition of being "smart", his conjecture fails to hold. (This is what you were saying: It's rather vague and undefined.)

That said, TDT is an attempt to put a similar idea on firmer ground. In that sense, the TDT paper is the exploration in mathematical language of this idea that you are asking for. It isn't Hofstadterian superrationality, but it is inspired by it, and TDT puts these amorphous concepts that Hofstadter never bothered solidifying into a concrete form.

Agreed. But here is what I think Hofstadter was saying: The assumption that is used can be weaker than the assumption that the two players have an identical method. Rather, it just needs to be that they are both "smart". And this is almost as strong a result as the true zero knowledge scenario, because most agents will do their best to be smart.

Why is he saying that "smart" agents will cooperate? Because they know that the other agent is the same as them in that respect. (In being smart, and also in knowing what being smart means.)

Now, ... (read more)

0PrometheanFaun
Have you seen this explored in mathematical language? Cause it's all so weird that there's no way I can agree with Hofstadter to that extent. As yet, I don't know really know what "smart" means.

Let's not pat ourselves on the back too much.

That was never my intention. I actually initially meant to stress this more, but I cut it as it didn't really fit.

The most important note that it is not necessarily a good thing to ignore social cues. They exist for good reasons. Discourse flows a lot better when it is polite and well presented. Those who ignore that do so at their own peril.

Some do, however. Including us, to some exten. You cannot deny that the population of Less Wrongers is weighted heavily towards the type of people that might be known as... (read more)

Perhaps people on Less Wrong are less attuned to the nuances of social norms, and rather upvote/downvote based only on the content of the post in question?

The ideal of upvoting/downvoting based only on value is one that has appeal to many of the sort of people who hang around here. We are all still human, but I would not be surprised to be told that many or most Less Wrongers are atypical in this way. (Pay less attention to social contexts, and more to content.)

9Nornagest
Let's not pat ourselves on the back too much. Voters here absolutely respond to social cues (albeit unusual ones from the perspective of the wider culture) and to local status; the vote record on a post is not a totally dispassionate estimate of its quality. That said, pure social awkwardness might limit a post's potential upvotes, but it usually isn't enough to get a post downvoted: that takes obvious bias, factual error, egregiously bad English, a perception of bad faith, or -- exceptionally -- attracting the ire of a serial downvoter. The truly clueless may risk pattern-matching to "bad faith", but that's fairly rare; the rest are more or less orthogonal to social skills.

Karma points count as "last 30 days karma" if they are votes on a post you made within the past month. If someone upvotes/downvotes/removes a previously made upvote/removes a previously made downvote from an older comment, you get/lose karma, but not 30 day karma. I assume that is what happened here.

I see what you are saying, but the whole point behind anti-fragility is that change is for good, not bad. By default, in fragile things, change is bad. But in antifragile things, that change is harnessed for good.

Hm. The best way to clearly demarcate that would probably to move the word "bad" from describing the word "change", and put it as part of the first sentence.

Things sometimes break, and that is a bad thing that you do not want happening. It happens when outside forces cause changes to it and to the world it acts in. ...

That's a fun challenge. It was hard to try to summarize the motivation behind the idea of antifragility in such a restricted vocabulary. Here is my attempt:

Things sometimes break. This happens when outside forces cause bad changes to it and to the world it acts in. Things that this can happen to are not things you can put much trust in. It would be a lot better to have something that does not change because of things happening to it, or even better, one that gets better the more those bad things happen to it. It is a good idea to make the things you have

... (read more)
0drethelin
I think you want to separate out "bad" from change.Things sometimes break, this happens when outside forces cause changes to it and the world it acts in. We call a thing fragile when most changes are bad from the perspective of the thing. EG ice is fragile because changes in temperature, motion, etc. will cause it to break. Anti-fragility is when the thing is designed such that the biggest possible changes do not break it.

Very well put. I agree entirely with what you are saying, and I think you said it very well.

I want to add though an emphasis that the line specifically between libertarianism and reactionary-ism is a very narrow one. Both philosophies come from the same background, with similar axioms. It is surprising, so it bears emphasis.

I am in the same boat as Apprentice when it comes to these matters, and whenever I read a reactionary post I feel a certain familiarity, along the lines of: "this may not be fully valid, but the people arguing it are very smart, an... (read more)

I'm glad you like my recommendation. After you have used it for a while, perhaps consider writing up a post about your experiences teaching using an SRS. It's a topic which could be very interesting, and I'm sure that many would wish to read such a report. I certainly would.

Look into memrise.

It has an app, it has a lot of the bells and whistles that Anki lacks (like a scoring/gamification system) that could be helpful with the population you are teaching, and it is all around a solid SRS system. The only thing I think it lacks are those Easy/Good/Hard buttons that Anki has to differentiate between how well you know the answer, but that's something I can live without. I use both it and Anki on a day to day basis.

7tanagrabeast
I just played around with Memrise, and it does indeed look perfect for my audience. I had begun my SRS search with gwern's excellent exploration of the topic, where Memrise does not appear. Thank you so much!

Evangelion is... Evangelion. It's the kind of work that is very hard to apply adjectives to. That said, it's very good.

Just be sure that you watch The End of Evangelion after watching all the episodes. I have a friend who watched all the episodes of Evangelion, then went around for quite some time thinking he had finished watching the whole show. Only months later did he find out that there was more, and that he had in fact missed out on the entire climax of the show.

This is a long and well presented comment: I will chime in with army1987 that you could certainly write this up as a top level discussion post.

My response to it is that I think you are overestimating the value of our current form of government. This could be taken the wrong way, so let me be clear: It is a very good thing that w have a government. Without it, our lives would be nasty, brutish and short. Despite this, government-as-we-know-it (nationalism) is a very recent invention, and while it does some great things (and some not-so-great things), it (in... (read more)

I don't understand: could you explain what specifically you are claiming remains? Social power implies that it impacts other people and their actions, which I don't think is the case in this situation.

Sorry, but I disagree. Personally, I rather dislike going through arbitrary pointless motions. The "magic" is already gone, and mindlessly trying to go through the same motions to bring it back is futile. We are better off without it.

5TobyBartels
If that's what you prefer, then of course you did the right thing.
2AndHisHorse
The magic may be gone, but I believe that Toby's point was that even if the personal power of the ritual is revealed to be nonexistent, the social power may still remain.

I think the point is that she enjoyed getting free money more than she disliked being chuckled at, so she was willing to suffer being chuckled at in order to receive the free money.

The answer to that is "But maybe the parents are misinformed about the tooth fairies' abilities?" You can go on and on like this, but at this point I would stop praisuing the child for pursuing the ratinal method for solving problems, and strat educatting the child in the next lesson of rationality: 0 and 1 are not probabilities, all knowledge is probibalistic, and you need to do VoI calculations before rushing off to try to rule out narrow and increasingly unlikly options.

Yes...

But seriously, there are simpler tests to do, or to do first. Try telling your parents not out loud, but in a written note. That would rule out audio bugging. Try telling an empty room, when no one else is around. That could rule out your parents. Try telling someone you know won't understand you. (Like a younger sibling.) Try miming it to your parents without using words. Try falsely telling your parents that a tooth fell out, when none did. Try telling your parents about your tooth that fell out, but not putting it under your pillow that night. Try... (read more)

You have a limited number of teeth to experiment with.

Oh, but the money did keep on flowing in! My parents may not have handled the situation perfectly, but they most certainly didn't cut off the money just because I uncovered their lies. To do so would be punishing me for finding out, which was certainly not their intention.

After that point, whenever a tooth fell out, I'd just hand it to my mother and she would dig out the cash for me, without the whole ritual of putting the tooth under the pillow and having it be replaced by an imaginary being who collects teeth for some reason.

0TobyBartels
Nice, but it seems rather less satisfying not to even put it under the pillow. This leads to a larger point: you don't have to give up the rituals of religion when you give up the doctrine!

That's a good rationalist success story. You remind me of my own story with the tooth fairy: I will not relate it in detail here, as it is similar to yours, just less dramatic. At a certain point, I doubted the existence of the tooth fairy, so the next time a tooth fell out I put it under my pillow without telling anyone, and it was still there the next day. I confronted my parents, and they readily admitted the non-existence of the tooth fairy.

In fact, it went off as a perfect experiment, which kind of ruins its value as a story, at least when compared w... (read more)

8Heka
Too bad you didn't get positive feedback. The awaited praise for discoveries keeps scientists going. In terms of money the smart decision would have been to hide the results from parents to keep the dollars flowing in.

Well, I will praise you for your discovery and correct use of the scientific method:

Good job independently discovering the scientific method, and using it correctly! Also congratulations on acquiring a true opinion and becoming less wrong.

And so many of those books seem to have that same piece of advice: "Actually go out and do things; don't just read about them and forget to do them!"

6Viliam_Bur
Now that you wrote that, I also remember reading that advice somewhere. I just forgot it. I wonder if this time it will be different... and perhaps, what could I do to prevent it. Would a Memento-style tattoo be too extreme? :D

All this is true. However, these variables are not always perfectly correlated. It is important to recognize cases where some or all of (1), (2), or (3) are easier to answer than the object level question. That is when trusting the expert consensus is a good idea.

0brazil84
Well I think all 3 need to be satisfied. But that only happens when the issue is non-controversial. In which case you can just look up the answer on Wikipedia. If an issue is controversial, it's a pretty safe bet that one or both sides will (1) distort the issue to make the other side seem less reasonable; (2) exaggerate the extent to which supposed authorities agree with them; and/or (3) attempt to choose a class of supposed experts which is most favorable to their position.

Huh. Maybe it wasn't a reference to what I thought it was. Let's just say that a while ago I had the rather annoying habit of answering people who asked the time by repeating their question back to them. I assumed that whoever this was drew from the same source, although I now relize I may have been mistaken. (It really is that obscure...)

The thing I was thinking of was this really obscure RPG from more than a decade ago called Continuum (Tvtropes page Wikipedia page Official (semi-abandoned) website) in which time travveler's identify one another by one ... (read more)

I often find myself reading PDF material on my Kindle, and I think I found some pretty decent workarounds. My three workarounds are:

  • If possible, try to find an epub or mobi version. For the more obscure, technical stuff, this is impossible, but for the more popular stuff, this is doable.

  • Try to use calibre to convert the PDF to a mobi. For some PDFs, this comes out with a good quality mobi, but often the PDF is formatted so that it does not.

  • But what often end up doing is a lot simpler: I turn the screen rotation sideways. Rather than the height of the

... (read more)

I think you are wrong in saying that no one claims benefits from it: claiming benefits is practically all the linked article does. (BTW, your link goes to page two of the article. You may want to fix that. [Edit: Fixed.])

The article gave one viewpoint (and left out the other), and so everyone else is trying to give the counterpoint. (Not that I'm saying it's wrong for the article to only give one side: maybe debates work better for transmitting information than balanced pieces. But it certainly is the correct response to try to steelman the other viewpoint when you see an article in favour of one side.)

8kremlin
I don't think that's what they were doing. The commenters (the NY Times commenters, btw, not the Ycombinator commenters) seem to genuinely believe that it is only bad and no good. "It might be the time to download “1984” from your Scribd or Oyster subscription service. I'm sure they have it." "Surrendering your thoughts: A Haiku Creepy. Nasty. Yuk. A good way to hasten the Singularity " "I'm going to find out the top 50 favorite words and then write a book using only those 50 words. Who cares about creativity? It's about the money, kids." I don't think these comments come out of a desire to just present the other side fairly. I think that this is just, straightforwardly, what they think about the concept of studying reader preferences.

Fair enough. I am just pointing out the solution to your confusion: You are talking past one another. Words can be wrong, and it is essential to make sure that such things are sorted out properly for an intelligent discussion.

And it even gives a mostly accurate description of the relevant risk factors!

These researchers are not exactly thinking about a Battlestar Galactica-type situation in which robots resent their enslavement by humans and rise up to destroy their masters out of vengeance—a fear known as the “Frankenstein complex,” which would happen only if we programmed robots to be able to resent such enslavement. That would be, suffice it to say, quite unintelligent of us. Rather, the modern version of concern about long-term risks from AI, summarized in a bit more deta

... (read more)
3IlyaShpitser
More people are starting to think about these issues now: http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130911/srep02627/full/srep02627.html

Well, if subjectivity means "I decide what it is", then this is tautologically true. If you have a broader definition of subjectivity, then yes, they don't seem to have much to do with each other. It seems that he was using the first definition, or something similar to it.

3fubarobfusco
When I think of "things that are (defined to be) subjective", the idea that comes to mind is that of qualia. The perceiver of qualia isn't in control of them — if I'm experiencing redness, I can't really choose that it be blue instead. I can say that I'm perceiving blue, but I'd be lying about my own experience.

Shminux's point is definitely valid about the different levels, but there is more than that: You have not shown that the contents of the registers etc. are not visible from within the program. If fact, quite the opposite: In a good programing language, it is easy to access those other (non-source code) parts from within the program: Think of, for instance, the "self" that is passed into a Python class's methods. Thus, each method of the object can access all the data of the object, including all the object's methods and variables.

9Rob Bensinger
The original point was 'There are limits to how much an agent can say about its physical state at a given time'. You're saying 'There aren't limits to how much an agent can find out about its physical state over time'. That's right. An agent may be able to internally access anything about itself — have it ready at hand, be able to read off the state of any particular small component of itself at a moment's notice — even if it can't internally represent everything about itself at a given time.

5 In either case, we shouldn't be surprised to see Cai failing to fully represent its own inner workings. An agent cannot explicitly represent itself in its totality, since it would then need to represent itself representing itself representing itself ... ad infinitum. Environmental phenomena, too, must usually be compressed.

This is obviously false. An agent's model can most certainly include an exact description of itself by simple quining. That's not to say that quining is the most efficient way, but this shows that it certainly possible to have a complete representation of oneself.

5Rob Bensinger
The paragraph you quoted is saying that a map can't have a subregion that depicts the entire map in perfect detail, because this would require an infinite sequence of smaller and smaller maps-of-maps. One solution to this is to make the sub-map incomplete, e.g., only depict the source code. Alternatively, an AI can build an external replica of itself in perfect detail; but the replica isn't a component of the AI (hence doesn't lead to a regress). An external replica can be used as a sort of map, but it's not a representation inside the agent. It's more like a cheat sheet than like a belief or perception. In many cases it will be more efficient for the agent to just look at a component of itself than to build a copy and look at the copy's components.
4Gunnar_Zarncke
'Simple quining' will not do as that only copies representation verbatim. But I guess you mean some comparable more elaborate form of quining which allows reference to itself and deals with them with fix-point theorems (which must also be included in the representation). Reminds me of some Y combinator expressions I once saw. I'd bet that there are Lisp programs which do something like that.

A quine only prints the source code of a program, not e.g. the state of the machine's registers, the contents of main memory, or various electric voltages within the system. It's only a very limited representation.

If I had to guess, I'd say that as Konkvistador is against democracy and voting in general, he wants voting rights to be denied to everyone, and as such, starting with 51% of the population is a good step in that direction.

Am I correct, or is there something more?

2A1987dM
Sure, but the process would likely have hysteresis depending on which group you remove first, and “women” doesn't seem like the best possible choice to me -- even “people without a university degree” would likely be better IMO.
-2Eugine_Nier
If you stop thinking of democracy as sacred and start seeing letting various groups vote as a utility calculation, one starts looking at questions like how various groups vote, how politicians attempt to appeal to them, and what effect this has on the way the country winds up being governed.
2Viliam_Bur
Maybe it is because of our instincts that scream at us that every woman is precious (for long-term survival of the tribe), but the males are expendable. Taking the votes away from the expendable males could perhaps get popular support even today, if done properly. The difficult part in dismantling democracy are the votes of women. (Disclaimer: I am not advocating dismantling democracy by this comment; just describing the technical problems.)
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