All of Zarm's Comments + Replies

Zarm00

I have sharp sticks for that

That's my point. You're cheating now. Lions don't cheat.

over the fire.

Carnivores can eat raw meat.

I can assure my canines function perfectly well in that role

Nah they work better for plant foods. They aren't even very sharp. Also, other herbivores have canines but whatever.

Regardless of this bs^ doesn't matter whether we have canines or not or whether they are useful or not and we both know that. I don't need to explain the natural fallacy to you.

Coherent, you're not.

But you don't have to fit into my notions of c

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0Lumifer
Carnivores -- note the vore part -- eat meat, how you kill your food is pretty irrelevant. Yes, my canines can deal with carpaccio very well, thank you. No, they don't. That's what molars are for. I am sorry, what is the proposition that you are defending? Coherency. It's a thing. You should try it sometimes :-P Also, are you missing an adjective in there somewhere?
Zarm00

And canines, yep, I have some, they are sharp & pointy.

Go take down an antelope with only your teeth ;)

What are my other choices in morality besides subjective and objective?

I don't know. I was really trying to stray away from people arguing how there are no objective morals so killing and everything else is fine. I didn't want to argue about how there are no objective morals. There aren't objective morals, so I wanted to talk to people who actually had morals and would be willing to talk of them.

You don't have to fit into my false dichotomy. You do you.

0Lumifer
Teeth are not for killing -- I have sharp sticks for that -- they are for tearing meat which spent some time over the fire. I can assure my canines function perfectly well in that role :-P Coherent, you're not. But you don't have to fit into my notions of coherency :-)
Zarm00

I don't kill humans for the same reason you do though. I could possibly be persuaded, but I'm not exactly sure what it would be. I think it would be something of the sort following: You would either have to convince me killing sleeping (I'm just gonna use sleep as equivalent to cruelty free for convenience sake) humans is ethically fine OR that cows are different in some way other than logistically speaking (I wouldn't say that the fact that cows can't kill you is morals, that's more practicality; so something other than the two (redemption killing or trea... (read more)

6Screwtape
Content warning to follow for response to emotional appeal and for unrepentant animal execution. I grew up on a small dairy farm (~40 head) that kept a handful of beef cattle. I spent more time with the dairy herd- they're a lot safer and the need to milk them every day means they get more of a farmhand's attention- but I've got some pretty fond memories of moving the beef cows from pasture to pasture. We named one Chief, who always pushed to be first in line, and another Teriyaki because of an odd auburn patch on his flank. When I was studying a part for a play, I used to balance on part of their fence while reciting my lines and Washington would usually mill around near me. He'd do that for anyone who was saying literally anything as long as your voice hadn't dropped, and sometimes when cleaning the stalls I'd make up stories to tell him. I never figured out why, but Washington's manure was always fairly compact and dry for a cow, which made mucking his stall much easier. Washington was also the first animal larger than a mouse I ever killed. It's easier than you'd think. He didn't even realize something was wrong about being lead into a back room he'd never been in before, he just followed Chief in and then stood around placidly when we blocked the exit Chief had just left through. We got everything set up (a ton of animal can be dangerous if it just falls uncontrolled) and the adults offered to let me do it. Killing did not feel like some special magic or momentous occasion. The rest of the afternoon was educational even though I only watched, since you want to butcher and clean an animal as soon as you can. When we ate the first meal made out of Washington we included him in the prayer before the meal, mentioned our favourite stories about him and that we were glad he lived and glad he would fuel our lives and that he had made way for another creature to live the good life he did. My opinion? Steak is delicious. Chief and Teriyaki probably remembered Washin
Zarm00

How do you justify when you don't eat 'cruelty free' meat? Those animals are suffering during their.

My other question would be, I don't understand why you don't care over the logic of the first paragraph to cows?

I do get what you're saying with creating beings that do have a decent life.

0Screwtape
Assuming your second sentence was supposed to end with "...suffering during their lives" my response is I mostly do so when I'm not the one picking the source (company functions, family reunions, etc) or on occasions where I'm traveling and nothing else presents itself. (I am consequentalist enough that ~1% of my food budget going to those sorts of operations doesn't bother me, since the goal of reducing their income from me is being achieved, though I'll also grant that this is the largest inconsistency in my own ethics on this subject I see.) Assuming your third sentence was supposed to read "...you don't carry over the..." my response is that cows can neither assassinate me in my bed nor understand treaties of nonaggression, nor do they share human patterns of thought or genes except at a distant remove. Are you open to being persuaded to eat 'cruelty free' meat? Is there some fact or framing which might change your mind?
Zarm00

Being perfectly honest, I actually don't understand what's wrong with starting with those words. Maybe this is a failure of communication on my part. I do understand that I shouldn't have said 'so surprised' and some of the other stuff, but what's wrong with asking, "Can I get your guys' perspectives on veganism?"

"I'm a vegan and invite you to squabble with me!"

I'd rather debate things coherently as that's what rationalism is about. I think I'm done here at this point though because not much is getting through on either side. Some o... (read more)

Zarm00

I'd like to hear the argument about why trees lives are worth antthing. Sure, they're worth instrumental value, but thats not what we're talking about. I'm arguing that trees are worth 0 and that animals are comparable to humans. Trees aren't conscious. Many animals are.

3Alicorn
I think if you want to have this conversation you should not start a thread by asking for "perspectives on veganism" from people who are not vegans. It would be more honest to announce "I'm a vegan and invite you to squabble with me!"
Zarm00

All aspiring rationalists are equally correct, but some are more equally correct than others ;)

Zarm00

Anything specific? That's not really a crux... yet you criticize me for mine.

Zarm00

What I consider "preserving my life" is weird enough that it could probably be its own conversation though :)

Sure, I could be interested in hearing this as a different topic.

Zarm00

Thank you for linking the crux. I'll try to explain my morality as well.

I'm using the word "suboptimal" to mean a state of affairs that is less than the highest standard. For example, I have a crick in my neck from looking down at my laptop right now, and there is not a fruit smoothie in my hand even though I want one. My life would be closer to optimal if I did not have a crick in my neck and did have a smoothie. My life would also be suboptimal if I was intense chronic pain. Suboptimal is a very broad term, I agree, but I think my usage of it

... (read more)
0Screwtape
I think it's wrong to kill sleeping humans both because I'm often a sleeping human that doesn't want to be killed, and because I would see it as killing a (somewhat distant) part of myself. It's half "I won't kill you if you won't kill me" and half valuing the human gene code and the arrangements of thoughts that make up a human mind. I want humanity in the abstract to thrive, regardless of how I might feel about any individual part of it. I think I agree with the bulk of the article you linked, but don't think I agree that it resolves my crux. To quote its quote- I do not believe we are obliged to create entities (be they humans, cows, insects, or any other category) but we are not obliged not to do so. I think we are obliged to avoid creating entities that would prefer not to have been created. That still leaves us the option of creating entities that would prefer to have been created if we want to- for example, nobody is obliged to have children, but if they want to have children they can as long as they reasonably suspect those children would want to have existed. If I want cows to exist, I can morally cause that to happen as long as I take reasonable precautions to make sure they prefer existing. As you say, they might well not want to exist if that existence is being locked in a box and hurt. As I say, they probably do want to exist if that existence is wandering around a green pasture with the herd. I'd like to grab an example from the article you linked, the one about the Buddhist monks in the collapsing temple. As it says This is what I was trying to get at with the usage of "suboptimal" above. If I'm going to encourage the creation of cows for me to eat, I'm obliged to make their existence generally positive, but I'm not obliged to make that existence euphoric. Positive sum, but not optimal. While a world where one's life and death is one's own choice is a good world in my view, I can't find myself getting axiomatically worked up over others acting on
Zarm00

You give the benefit of the doubt to even bugs based on weak evidence.

No I don't. I never said anything close to that. In fact, I don't even think there's enough evidence to warrant me from not eating honey.

but are morally opposed to eating other brainless things like bivalves.

Again, not opposed to this. I never said anything about this either. Stop assuming positions.

1gilch
That's unreasonable. Humans have to assume a great deal to communicate at all. It takes a great deal of assumed background knowledge to even parse a typical English sentence. I said "vegans" are opposed to eating brainless bivalves, not that "Zarm" is. Again I'm talking to the audience and not only to you. You claim to be a vegan, so it is perfectly reasonable to assume on priors you take the majority vegan position of strict vegetarianism until you tell me otherwise (which you just did, noted). You sound more like a normal vegetarian than the stricter vegan. Some weaker vegetarian variants will still eat dairy, eggs, or even fish. My understanding is the majority of vegans generally don't eat any animal-derived foods whatsoever, including honey, dairy, eggs, bivalves, insects, gelatin; and also don't wear animal products, like leather, furs, or silk. Or they at least profess to this position for signaling purposes, but have trouble maintaining it. Because it's too unhealthy to be sustainable long term.
Zarm00

Me being vegan isn't my only course of action. I convince others (on a micro level and I plan to do it on a macro level), I plan to donate to things, and push for actions like the one you said, but not really focused on school. I'm just getting into effective altruism, so obviously I'm more into consequentialist actions.

Part of me being vegan is so that I can convince others, not just the physical amount of meat I forego. You can't really convince others on a micro, macro, or institutional level if you yourself aren't following it.

0Elo
All animals are equal but some are more equal than others.
1username2
Please stop trying to convince others, at least on this forum. This is a forum for people in the unbiased search for truth, not evangelizing of already deeply held views.
Zarm00

Well yes it would still be wrong. I'm talking about the act itself. You would be doing better than the majority of other people because you saved a bunch but then you're stilling doing something wrong.

For instance, if you saved 100 people, its still wrong to kill one.

I think that's what you were saying? If not, could you rephrase, because I don't think I understood you perfectly.

Also, could you explain what information you have to get to change your mind?

0ChristianKl
I'm open to changing my mind based on unexpected arguments.
Zarm00

I'd like to hear the information what a lot of you would require for your minds to be changed as well!

So the crux of the matter for me is the consciousness of mammals and birds and some other nonhuman animals. As you go down the 'complexity scale' the consciousness of certain beings gets more debatable. It is less known and likely that fish are conscious compared to mammals. And it is less known and likely that insects are conscious compared to fish. However, there is quite the amount of evidence supporting consciousness in all mammals, birds, and some oth... (read more)

2ChristianKl
I don't think you are very open minded if you require those criteria for a change of opinion. You are basically arguing that even if I would reduce the total amount that animal suffering when I'm eating meat it would still be wrong for me to eat meat (The way it's wrong to push the fat man on the tracks).
Zarm00

Yes it does. I'm just arguing that they are comparable.

0username2
At this point I don't know whether you are not engaging honestly or purposefully trolling. Either way this discussion is without purpose, and I have no interest to engage further.
Zarm00

Is it some deontological objection to killing living things?

Nope

Vegetables are also alive.

And?

To killing animals in particular?

Yes, all mammals, birds, and more are conscious. Many more are self aware. Pigs are of similar intelligence to dogs, so it could be highly likely they are self aware just like dogs are.

I thought we were over this "soul" thing.

Stop being so condescending please.

Commercial vegetable farming kills animals! Pesticides kill insects with nerve gas. If they're conscious, that's a horrible way to die. But that w

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0gilch
That was only if you answered "yes" to the previous question. You didn't, so never mind. Public posts are talking to the general audience, not just to you. Veganism seems more religious than rational (like politics), but I'll try to tone it down since you seem more reasonable and asked nicely. Assume good faith. Tone doesn't come through well in writing, and it's more on the reader than the writer. Then why not eat eggs? I don't mean the factory-farmed kind. If the hens were happy would it be okay? If yes, you should be funding the farms that treat their hens better with your food purchases, even if it's not perfect, to push the system in a good direction. Even if that were the more effective intervention? Forget about the diet thing. It's not that effective. Do what actually makes a difference. Use your buying power to push things in a good direction, even if that means eating meat in the short term. See http://slatestarcodex.com/2015/09/23/vegetarianism-for-meat-eaters/ It's relevant in some cases, but I don't entirely buy that argument. Efficiency, yes, but morality? On marginal land not fertile enough for farming, you can still raise livestock. No pesticides. What about wild-caught fish? Those are predators higher up the food chain, but they have a more natural life before they're caught.
Zarm00

Animistic cultures feel may feel empathy for sacred objects, like boulders or trees, or dead ancestors, or even imaginary deities with no physical form.

Ya.. I'm not buying this here - that's a giant false equivalency. You're comparing inanimate objects to conscious beings; you're also comparing religion and spiritual cultures to scientific arguments.

Where do we draw that line? Is it only a matter of degree, not kind? How much uncertainty do we tolerate before changing the category? If you take the precautionary principle, so that something is morally

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0gilch
Because veganism seems more like religion than science. You give the benefit of the doubt to even bugs based on weak evidence. No backing? How about based on the scientific fact that jellyfish have no brain? They do have eyes and neurons, but even plants detect light and share information between organs. It's just slower. I find it bizarre that vegans are okay with eating vegetables, but are morally opposed to eating other brainless things like bivalves. It is possible to farm these commercially. https://sentientist.org/2013/05/20/the-ethical-case-for-eating-oysters-and-mussels/
0gilch
That's not exactly what I said, but it's pretty close. I established the mirror test as a bound above which I'd oppose eating animals. That is only a bound--it seems entirely plausible to me that other animals might deserve moral consideration, but the test is not simply self awareness. Absolute proof doesn't even exist in mathematics--you take the axioms on faith, but then you can deduce other things. At the level of pigs, logical deduction breaks down. We can only have a preponderance of the evidence. If that evidence were overwhelming (and my threshold seems different than yours), then yeah, I'd be morally opposed to eating pigs, other things being equal. In that case I'd take the consequentialist action that does the most good by the numbers. Like funding a charity to swap meats in school lunch (or better yet, donating to MIRI), rather than foregoing pork in all circumstances. That pigs in particular might be self aware already seems plausible on the evidence, and I've already reduced my pork intake, but at present, if I was offered a ham sandwich at a free lunch, I'd still eat it.
1ChristianKl
It's not clear that plants can't suffer http://reducing-suffering.org/bacteria-plants-and-graded-sentience/#Plants
Zarm00

It's not that a chicken, pig, or cow's life is worth some minimal but comparable amount. Because even then there would be some threshold were N chickens, pigs, or cow happiness-meters (for some suitably large N) would be worth 1 human's.

I'm arguing they are comparable. See, I don't think the N is that large.

is not obviously relevant to whether it is moral for humans to eat them.

Sure it is. That's the crux of the matter.

0username2
In non-utilitarian morality 1 + 1 =/= 2. Sometimes 1 + 1 = 1. Does that make sense?
Zarm00

A question. Would you rather be born and live for thirty years and then be executed, or never be born at all?

I would personally rather have been born, but I am not everyone. I have an excellent life that I'm very grateful for. Like you yourself say though, I think the majority disagrees with me on this. This [the fact that most would prefer to not exist than a hellish life] is partially, only partially, why I think its wrong to kill the animals either way.

(I am planning to make extraordinary efforts to prolong my life, but what that means to me is a l

... (read more)
0Screwtape
The paragraph that follows "If it's not about utilitarian ethics, what is it about?" is me running through the first handful of ethical frameworks that came to mind. While we don't have a perfect and universal ethical system, it can be useful to figure out what system is getting used when having ethical discussions- a deontologist and a consequentialist could talk in circles for hours around an object level issue without coming any closer to a solution. We are talking morals, and I'm trying to figure out what moral system you're using so we can start from common ground. You mention utilitarian ethics in the reason you think it's wrong to kill animals, but then you talk about the fact that they own themselves and taking away freedom in a way that isn't usually something utilitarianism cares about. To be clear, you don't need to fit into the box of a philosophy, but I care about how much they're suffering due to the suffering and it sounds like you do as well. I'm using the word "suboptimal" to mean a state of affairs that is less than the highest standard. For example, I have a crick in my neck from looking down at my laptop right now, and there is not a fruit smoothie in my hand even though I want one. My life would be closer to optimal if I did not have a crick in my neck and did have a smoothie. My life would also be suboptimal if I was intense chronic pain. Suboptimal is a very broad term, I agree, but I think my usage of it is correct. How do you define that word? Again, I go out of my way to avoid eating things that came from a tiny box where they got beaten. A large majority of the meat I eat came from things that hung out in pastures of several hundred to a thousand acres of grass and hillside. I apologize for posting in reply to myself, where I think it got missed, but if you want it here is what I think is the crux of my belief. It's an aside, but I do my daily dose of exercise and eat decently healthy. What I consider "preserving my life" is weird enoug
Zarm00

Very true. Thanks for catching me. I need to work on my communication skills.

0Elo
Zarm - slightly less wrong already!
Zarm00

I didn't think they weren't numerous. There just isn't a point debating morality with someone who says "morality is subjective." I usually leave those people alone.

I don't think I consciously had this thought though, so thank you that actually could be a different explanation.

Zarm00

people who spent a pleasant day are more willing to do some unpleasant but important task in the evening, compared with people who had a busy and frustrating day and how they finally have one hour of free time that they can spend either doing something unpleasant but important, or browsing web.

This makes a lot of sense. I'm a get-shit-done kinda guy and this could possibly be because I'm also very happy most of the time. I think that I've had a bunch of unintentional and intentional success spirals that I'm very grateful for.

The thing about "far m... (read more)

Zarm00

I see now that it could be evidence. I do think its the second paragraph though. I have questioned myself very deeply on this from many angles and I still think I'm correct. I think there's a collective delusion on acting upon arguments for veganism. The difference between veganism and other philosophies is you actually have to do something on a day to day basis unlike a lot of others.

I am very open to being wrong. I know exactly what information would have to be presented to change my opinion.

1ChristianKl
Okay, I'm open to hearing what kind of information you would require.
1username2
Fair enough, and I believe you. My comment was as much for the other, lurking aspiring rationalists that might not have ingrained notions of Bayesian evidence yet.
Zarm00

I never said the second quote. Someone was arguing that this site isn't about change. I argued it is.

0username2
I believe that was a fair paraphrazation of your original post, which did in fact come off as rather accusatory to me.
Zarm00

Ah I see the argument! That's interesting I hadn't heard of it like that and I would understand if you thought the chicken's life was near worthless. However, I'm going to challenge you on saying that the chicken's life is that minimal amount. Chickens are consciousness and feels pain and pleasure. Should you could rationalize and say "oh but its different from humans" but from what cause? There's nothing to make you think this.

I can move on to chickens, but let's talk about pigs for instance because they are easier. I find it very hard to believ... (read more)

0username2
Hrm, I think you're still not getting it. It's not that a chicken, pig, or cow's life is worth some minimal but comparable amount. Because even then there would be some threshold were N chickens, pigs, or cow happiness-meters (for some suitably large N) would be worth 1 human's. The position is that they are utterly incomparable for the purpose of moral statements. This is a non-utilitarian position. What is rejected is the additive property: you can't take two bad events, add their "badness" together and argue that they are worse than some other single event that is by itself rated worse than one of the originals. Some non-utilitarians say that certain utilities are of different classes and incomparable. Others say that utilities are comparable but don't add linearly. Others don't know but simply say that torturing to prevent dust in the eyes of any number of people just plain doesn't feel right and any moral framework that allows that must be suspect, without offering an alternative. In any of those cases, establishing the moral value of an animal is not obviously relevant to whether it is moral for humans to eat them.
Zarm00

I thought I started out fine. I'm not trying to kick shit up. The other person said "That you don't know other big numbers?" so I responded with the same tone.

Isn't mitigating biases change?

1Elo
It appears that you took christiankl's comment to be an inflammatory tone. C could have said better things, and that's up to him to be better in the future too. Ask a side point - this is how a traditional flame war starts. "There's no other number comparable to it." (hyperbole) "What is this supposed to mean? That you don't know other big numbers?" (challenge) "Oh come on." (objection) A shortcut to discussion here is that it has very little of the hyperbole on either side. He might be giving you shit for the hyperbole but he didn't escalate where, "Or maybe I was under the false assumption that the people wanted to mitigate the biases and in reality they just want to learn about them." Is escalating
Zarm00

It's interesting that you don't defend the idea that this website is supposed to be about pushing for change in your reply but a more general one, that this website is about valuing change.

I don't follow. I did defend that its about change.

1username2
There's a difference between "here's an argument for veganism, take it or leave it" and "you guys aren't rationalists because you're not adopting my favored position."
0ChristianKl
You didn't defend that it's about "pushing to change".
Zarm00

This is what I would've said, but you did it in a much more eloquent fashion. Thank you!

Zarm10

Oh come on. You know what I meant with the first part. There's no number of deaths in history comparable to this number.

Where did I get that idea? Frequently quoted on this site is, "Not every change is improvement, but improvement starts with a change" or something to that liking. This site is all about mitigating cognitive biases as well as related fields, so it IS about change. Learning about biases and mitigating them is all about change. Or maybe I was under the false assumption that the people wanted to mitigate the biases and in reality they just want to learn about them.

0Elo
Careful now. If you just try to kick up shit people will start ignoring you. Try: "I am confused because..."
0ChristianKl
To me the expressed sentiment feels, like talking to someone without a mass background who's impressed by big numbers and who generally knows no numbers in that category. $60 billion for example is near the NIH budget. If I want to focus on deaths the number of bacteria that die within myself in a year is likely higher than 60 billion. It's interesting that you don't defend the idea that this website is supposed to be about pushing for change in your reply but a more general one, that this website is about valuing change. Creating internal alignment through a CFAR technique like internal double crux can lead to personal change but there's no pushing involved.
Zarm10

I hope this a joke. This is low brow even for a response from an average person.

"canine teeth tho"

C'mon, I was expecting more from lesswrong community.

I'm not saying there is objective morality. If you think its subjective, I'm not addressing you here.

1Lumifer
So, what's your prior on the height of my brow? :-D And canines, yep, I have some, they are sharp & pointy. In the interest of fair disclosure let me point out that I'm not really representative of the LW community. What are my other choices in morality besides subjective and objective?
0satt
Yeah — scurvy's no fun!
Zarm10

I have to say I really think its the backwards rationalization. Everyone here eating meat as a strong drive to want to keep eating it, so there is a lot of motivation to argue that way.

As for your first point, I see what you're saying, but obviously not all vegans think that. A lot of the point is getting the message across to other people as you can't make the message if you yourself eat meat.

I'm against all animal farms so I really don't know how to address that. I mean its a pretty easy argument to say they suffer more in the intensive environments. They're in cages and they're abused their wholes lives. No room to move and only pain.

1MrMind
Well, that's the obvious outside view. On the other side, even if I am rationalizing, that doesn't mean I haven't come up with some good rebuttal. Well, I've yet to encounter some vegan who claims to be doing more for the animal than abstaining from doing evil. If reduce suffering is the real reason, I see a surprising lack of effective actions. It's pretty easy to disprove that, also. Take chickens, for example. When raised in a farming environment, they have access to better food, better health care, they are not subjected to the pecking order. The only thing they have less is space, but modern farming have ampler cages, and it's not clear to me that a chicken would trade free roaming in the wild with the more comfortable existence in a chicken farm.
0username2
MrMind linked to the underlying moral argument you are making, the duster vs the torturer, which is by no means a settled position. This forum is full of people, such as myself and MrMind, who prefer 3^^^3 dust-in-the-eye events over the prolonged torture of one individual. As applied to this scenario, that means that we do not accept that there exists some N units of chicken happiness that equals 1 unit of human happiness, even for large values of N.
Zarm10

Honestly looking at the replies, this makes the most sense. I guess this is the answer I was looking for, thank you! I better understand the difference between thought and action.

Just curious, would you put yourself in this same category? If so, do you know why you or others are like this? If so, what goes through your mind because it obviously isn't rationalization? Is it lack of motivation? How do you live with it?

To be perfectly honest, I was hoping for better responses from lesswrong community, many of which would classify themselves as aspiring ration... (read more)

0Viliam
I seriously suck at converting "what I would prefer to do" into "what I actually do" most of the time. I have a far-mode preference for being a vegan. If you would choose healthy and tasty vegan food and cook it for me, I would eat it, and probably never look back. But I don't have time to do the research, and often I don't even have the time to cook. I generally respect the rule "the one who cooks is the one who makes the decisions", and my wife is not a vegan, and doesn't want to become one. (In a parallel Everett branch where I am a single guy, I probably eat vegan Joylent.) Well, I can't be sure for myself what is truth and what is rationalization, because I suppose it looks the same from inside. But here are my guesses: Humans are not automatically rational. Human brains sometimes do the most stupid things. For example, it is often difficult to think about unpleasant topics, because the brain mistakes "avoiding the danger" with "avoiding thinking about the danger". Like, there is a danger in the future you could actually avoid using some strategic thinking, but your brain prefers to simply not think about the coming danger (presumably before some deeper pre-human brain modules don't fully understand the difference between actual danger and imagined danger). So you can help people to get new insights by simply telling them to sit down, calm down, and think about the topic for 5 minutes without getting distracted by anything else. And it really helps. Then there is the issue of willpower being... yeah, I know that if I say "a limited resource", someone will reply with a link saying that the research is discredited. Still, my experience suggests that people who spent a pleasant day are more willing to do some unpleasant but important task in the evening, compared with people who had a busy and frustrating day and how they finally have one hour of free time that they can spend either doing something unpleasant but important, or browsing web. In the past I behav
Zarm00

Is it ok to eat severely mentally disabled humans than?

2gilch
It is okay to take them off of life support, if the "severely" part is sufficient. Eating humans is bad for other reasons. I also do not approve of feeding cows to other cows, for example. It causes prion disease.
0Elo
If someone said yes? Is it okay to eat a test-tube muscle? (probably yes) Is it okay to eat vat-bodies grown without brains? (probably yes) Is it okay to eat vat-bodies grown with a little brain to keep it growing correctly but that never wakes up? (probably yes)
Zarm10

The only way for your argument to work is if you think a human's brief minutes of taste outweighs the happiness of the entire animal's life, which is extremely ludicrous. This isn't a nonhuman animals vs humans thing anyway. You can be just as a happy and have just as much great tasting food as a vegan.

I addressed a similar argument above to a self-labeled pescetarian.

I think that starting off by claiming an opposing position is "ridiculous" is very counter productive. Also a debate like this probably doesn't have a "simple answer."

2entirelyuseless
A good first approximation of the value of a human compared to the value of a chicken would be that the human is 10,000,000 times as valuable, since it is possible to buy a chicken for a few dollars, while the life of a human is usually measured in millions of dollars. If this is the case, there is nothing ludicrous about supposing that those brief minutes outweigh the chicken's entire life.
Zarm10

I see what you're saying with the first part of your argument and it's good the subject at least crosses your mind, but for my moral framework, it isn't solely about utilitarian ethics. I don't think happy animals should be killed for the same reason I don't think humans should be killed in their sleep. You may bring up that humans have ideas for the future and such, but do babies? Why then is it wrong to kill babies? Because they will be more conscious in the future, perhaps. How about the severely mentally disabled than? Right here we see an argument fro... (read more)

0gilch
If it's severe enough, I think this is a cultural question that could go either way, not an categorical evil. There are probably relatively good places in the Moral Landscape where this kind of thing is allowed. In the current culture, it would violate important Schelling points about not killing humans and such. Other things would have to change to protect against potential abuse, before this can be allowed.
2Screwtape
A question. Would you rather be born and live for thirty years and then be executed, or never be born at all? To me, the answer depends on how I was going to live those thirty years. Well fed and sheltered while hanging out in a great open space with a small community of peers? That sounds pretty good to me. Locked in a tiny box with no stimulation? Quite possibly not. (I have a really strong desire for my own existence, even in the face of that existence being terrible, but I generally treat that as a weird quirk of my own mind.) Remember, the choice isn't between living for thirty years before being killed vs living my natural lifespan and dying in bed of old age. Very few people would keep cows as pets. The choice is between a short life that ends when you get killed and not existing in the first place. To be clear, I think preferring to not exist is consistent, it's just not what I would pick. This is almost certainly Typical Minding again, but if I was going to die I would prefer to die usefully. Maybe heroically saving someone else's life, maybe just donating any serviceable organs and offering whats left to science or medical students. If it was legal and efficient, I wouldn't actually mind being eaten after I died. (I am planning to make extraordinary efforts to prolong my life, but what that means to me is a little odd.) If it's not about utilitarian ethics, what is it about? Why is it wrong to kill a human in their sleep? For me, killing humans is wrong because then other humans might kill me (Kantian reasons basically, with a bit of Hobbes thrown in =P) as well as because they are like me and will probably enjoy living (utilitarian reasons) and because "thou shalt not kill" is a really good deontological rule that helps people live together. Oh, and I'd probably get arrested and sent to jail. Of those, all of them protect a baby or a severely mentally disabled person, and the only one that protects a cow is the utilitarian reason. Cows aren't going to
Zarm10

I see what you're saying but I have to disagree. I agree that humans are worth more. Here's the thing though. You have to compare the numbers. This isn't one animal to one human, where I WOULD pick the human. The fact is that 60+ billion animals are slaughtered each year. And as we both probably know, at that point its just a statistic, but take a moment to think about how much that really is. There's no other number comparable to it.

While I applaud that you are pescetarian, I think more can be done and more should be changed. I think that if you pushed yo... (read more)

1Alicorn
I'm aware that you disagree, that being the premise of the thread, but your argument does not engage with my reasoning, to a degree that makes me concerned that you were not looking for perspectives but targets. Consider: Trees are not zero important, but people are more important. (I think most people would agree with this?) While I would not go around gratuitously killing trees for trivial reasons, as long as no qualitative negative effect on the ecosystem or somebody's property or something like that were on the line I would not hesitate to sacrifice arbitrary numbers of trees' lives for even one human's even non-mortal convenience. The trees don't matter in the right way. I still think it would be bad to kill sixty billion trees, but not that bad. I said "hopefully" because I agree that most people are not consciously or even implicitly finding a place on the QoL/animal suffering tradeoff curve, but just using defaults. I agree that they should not mindlessly use defaults in this way and that most people should probably use fewer animal products than they do. I disagree with the rest of your position as I understand it.
2ChristianKl
What is this supposed to mean? That you don't know other big numbers? No, rationalism isn't centrally about pushing oneselves to change. Where did you get that idea?
Zarm00

I get what you're saying. That's not evidence that I'm false though. Its not really evidence towards anything. How about we actually discuss the issue than rather that what other people think.

1username2
Actually that's exactly what it is: pretty darn close to the textbook definition of Bayesian evidence. If you believe that rationalists do what they claim to do and modify their behavior in ways that are truth-seeking, and if objective studies show that rationalists have not significantly updated in the direction of veganism, that would in fact be Bayesian evidence against the truth of vegan arguments. That doesn't mean veganism is wrong. Maybe all the meat eaters on LW are in fact wrong, and there's some sort of collective delusion preventing people from accepting and/or acting upon arguments for veganism. But an intellectually honest approach would be to recognize the possibility that you are wrong, as that is a result also consistent with the observed evidence.
Zarm10

I stated the morality given of which I was talking.... Plus I was asking for perspectives anyway. Why not give yours?

1Lumifer
I'm a carnivore... and I have doubts about that objective morality thing.
Zarm10

I know this is an old comment, but I still wanted to address it.

Yes, you strongly doubt that, as you should doubt everything, but you're offering no addition to the conversation. You're just saying, I see this, but I doubt it. Would you like to discuss the topic in greater detail? I think I know quite a bit about it and when it comes to economy, nutrition, and morality, there are very strong arguments in favor of veganism.

Zarm30

I'm extremely surprised that the percentage of vegans here is only slightly higher than the general public. I would consider myself an aspiring rationalist and I've had countless, countless arguments over the subject of animal rights and from everything I've found (which is a whole lot), the arguments side heavily towards veganism. I can literally play bingo with the responses I get from the average person, that's how reoccurring the rationalizations are. I can go on in much, much greater extant as to why veganism is a good idea, and from posts and comment... (read more)

2gilch
Veganism seems well-intentioned, but misguided. So then, your main reason for veganism is some sense of empathy for animal suffering? My best guess for vegans' motives is to merely signal that empathy, for social status without any real concern for their real-world impact on animal welfare. Empathy is a natural human tendency, at least for other members of the tribe. Extending that past the tribe, to humans in general, seems to be a relatively recent invention, historically. But it does at least seem like a useful trait in larger cities. Extending that to other animals seems unnatural. That doesn't mean you're wrong, per se, but it's not a great start. A lot of humans believe weird things. Animistic cultures feel may feel empathy for sacred objects, like boulders or trees, or dead ancestors, or even imaginary deities with no physical form. They may feel this so strongly that it outweighs concern for their fellow humans at times. Are you making the same mistake? Do mere rocks deserve moral consideration? So there are things that are morally important and things that are not. Where do we draw that line? Is it only a matter of degree, not kind? How much uncertainty do we tolerate before changing the category? If you take the precautionary principle, so that something is morally important if there's even a small chance it could be, aren't you the same as the rock worshipers neglecting their fellow humans? Why do you believe animals can suffer? No, we can't take this as a settled axiom. Many people do not believe this. But I'll try to steelman. My thoughts are that generally humans can suffer. Humans are a type of animal, thus there exists a type of animal that can suffer. We are related to other species in almost exactly the same sense that we are related to our grandparents (and thereby our cousins), just more generations back. Perhaps whatever makes us morally relevant evolved before we were human, or even appeared more than once through convergent evolution. Not e
0entirelyuseless
I think I understand your basic mistake. You seem to think that morality is objective in a way which is unrelated to the particular kinds of beings that have that morality. So for example you might think that killing innocent persons is wrong regardless of the particular history of those persons and their species. This is a mistake. For example, if people had evolved in such a way that reproduction required the killing of one of the persons, but it consistently resulted in the birth of twins, then killing a person in this context would not be wrong. This is not because morality is or would be subjective, but because it would be objectively right for that species existing in that context. In the same way, people have evolved as meat eaters. They consequently evolved to assign extremely low value to the lives of other edible creatures, and this is objectively correct for the human species, even if it might not be correct for some other kind of being.
1phonypapercut
I'd wager those not addressed are more numerous than you think, especially among lurkers. I'm not confident that this better accounts for the disparity between your expectations and the survey numbers than confused altruists, but the thought occurs.
2Jiro
Actually, I'd suggest that that's evidence that your premise is false. In other words, if veganism is not as correct as you think, that explains away your troubling observation. There are things which rationalists believe at higher frequency than the general public, such as atheism. The fact that veganism is not one should tell you something. The average person is not good at arguing anything, whether correct or not. Furthermore, seeing "rationalizations" demonstrates exactly nothing. If you believe in X, and X is true, you'll see rationalizations from people who don't believe X. If you believe in X and X is false, you'll see good reasons from people who don't believe X, but those good reasons will look like rationalizations to you. No matter what the true state of affairs is, whether you are right or wrong, you'll "see rationalizations".
0Alicorn
Animals are not zero important, but people are more important. I am a pescetarian because that is the threshold at which I can still enjoy an excellent quality of life, but I don't need to eat chicken fingers and salami to reach that point. Vegans are (hopefully) at a different point on this tradeoff curve than I am and meat-eaters (also hopefully) are at a different point in the other direction.
1Dagon
You're not addressing me, as I say morality is subjective. However, even within your stated moral framework, you haven't specified the value range of a marginal animal life. I'm extremely suspicious of arguments that someone else's (including factory-farmed animals) are negative value. If you think that they're lower value than other possible lives, but still positive, then the equilibrium of creating many additional lives, even with suffering, is preferable to simply having fewer animals on earth. So yes, suffering is worse than contentment. Is it worse than never having existed at all? I don't know, and suspect not.

I live in a tiny rural town, and get the majority of my meat from farmer's markets. Having been raised on a similar farm to the ones I buy from, I'm willing to bet those cows are happy a greater percentage of their lives than I will be. I recognize this is mostly working because of where I live and the confidence I have in how those farms are run. In the same way that encouraging fewer animals to exist in terrible conditions (by being vegan) is good I feel that encouraging more animals to exist in excellent conditions (by eating meat) is good. I don't stop... (read more)

2entirelyuseless
The simple answer is that I care about humans more than about other animals by an extremely large degree. So other things being equal, I would prefer that the other animals suffer less. But I do not prefer this when it means slightly less utility for a human being. So my general response about "veganism" is "that's ridiculous," since it is very strongly opposed to my utility function.
8ZankerH
Meat tastes nice, and I don't view animals as moral agents.
1ChristianKl
A while ago, we did Double Crux on the topic at an LW meetup. We all agree that why would prefer that animals suffer less. A key question is how becoming vegan compares to other possible interventions for reducing animal suffering. The discussion was a while ago and at the time the numbers weren't high enough to argue that it's important to switch to being a vegan.
4Viliam
One possible explanation is that most people here fail at following most of their plans; and veganism is not an exception, but a part of the pattern. For example, see this relatively ancient complaint: My feeling is that since this was written, things didn't improve; it was possibly the other way round. If this hypothesis is true, then if you would classify the readers by how much of their plans they actually accomplished in real life, the veganism would correlate with that positively, because like everything is has two steps: (1) a decision to become a vegan, and (2) actually becoming a vegan; and people who are generally better at getting from step 1 to step 2 should also be better in this specific instance. And then of course there are the rationalizations like: "Do you care about reducing suffering, even the suffering of animals?" "Sure I do." "Are you a vegan?" "No; but that's because I am a consequentialist -- I believe that creating a superintelligent Friendly AI will help everyone, including the animals, orders of magnitude more than me joining the ranks of those who don't eat meat." "Then... I guess you are contributing somehow to the development of the Friendly AI?" "Actually, I am not." And then of course there are people like: "Actually, I don't give a fuck about suffering or about Friendly AI; I am simply here to have fun."
0MrMind
I do think that unnecessary suffering is wrong, but I also lean toward the consequentialist side and determining what is "unnecessary" is very difficult. I do not consider myself particularly altruistic, although I tend to have a high degree of empathy towards other human beings. I'm also a Duster and not a Torturer, which means I don't believe in the additivity of suffering. On one side, I literally cannot say how much my arguments are the products of backward rationalization from not wanting to abandon meat. On the other side, I have many problems with standard veganism. First, they usually make a set of assumptions that might seem obvious (and in there lies the danger), but are sometimes falsified. One such assumption is the connection between not consuming meat and reducing animal suffering. A simple, direct boycott for example is either too naive to work (it can even suffer from the Cobra effect) or morally wrong from a consequentialist point of view. Second, the very notion that animals suffer more in intensive environment than in free ranging farms is doubtful: for chickens this is hardly true, for example, and the notion is blurry for force-feeded geese.
5Lumifer
You think that people who believe in objective morality all agree on what this morality is?
Zarm00

Eat less meat.

Zarm00

Thank you for such a clear response and the additional info! :) I have read most of the sequences but some of those links are new to me.

Zarm00

This is a dangerous statement to make. Would you change your mind about Veg*ism? What would it take?

Sure, very easily. You would have to prove to me that 1) Animals aren't conscious or for some reason aren't worth moral consideration 2) Global warming doesn't exist or factory farming doesn't affect it 3) Meat is healthy (I understand paleo can be healthy so this point may not matter) 4) Meat is cheaper, more efficient, and more sustainable compared to plants

We grow plants, many more are not automatically fed.

True, but I think they should be ;)

Fact

... (read more)
0Elo
That would be called politics. (the politics of why some are fed and not others) And has very little to do with how much meat we eat, and a lot more to do with the state of geopolitical events. This is where we disagree on this point. I would say it's not always possible to grow human-edible crops in all land areas that we currently grow animals crops or generally have animal herds. I can't prove that over the internet, but consider climates not ideal for human food, dry climate, wet climate, rocky mountainous regions... By what mechanism would you propose that veg* is healthier? Certainly! Not a problem, we tend to have a way of talking around here. Kind of a "jargon", not hard to get used to, but tends to make it possible to tell who is on the same page as you in terms of reasonableness or still learning. Definitely look at the wiki for some of the terms and the sequences is a great read.
Zarm00

If my worldview was, "animals are inferior and their suffering is irrelevant".

Wouldn't that be an irrational 'axiom' to start from though? Maybe the inferior part works, but you can't just say their suffering is irrelevant. If you go off the basis that humans matter just because than that's a case of special pleading saying humans are better because they are human. There suffering may be less but it isn't irrelevant because they can suffer.

0Elo
Why? Do humans matter? Why do humans matter? I think you might be leaping a conclusion or a few here.
Zarm00

My main reason is animal suffering but thanks for the new information. I'll look that up and keep that in mind!

Zarm00

There is usually a distribution of a few "hardcore" members, and many lukewarm ones. In a statistics that includes all of them, the behavior of the hardcore members can easily disappear.

Could you explain this more in depth; I'm failing to grasp this completely. I apologize.

if we ignore the animal suffering

Why would we do that?

Or maybe it's just that food doesn't get as high priority as e.g. education, making money, or exercise, so people focus their attention on the other things.

I guess, but you can usually focus on multiple things at ... (read more)

2Viliam
In general, imagine that you have a website about "X" (whether X is rationality or StarCraft; the mechanism is the same). Quite likely, a distribution of people who visit the website (let's assume the days of highest glory of Less Wrong) will be something like this: 10 people who are quite obsessed about "X" (people who dramatically changed their lives after doing some strategic thinking; or people who participate successfully in StarCraft competitions). 100 people who are moderately interested in "X" (people who read some parts of the Sequences and perhaps changed a habit or two; or people who once in a while play StarCraft with their friends). 1000 people who are merely interested in "X" as a topic of conversation (people who read Dan Ariely and Malcolm Gladwell, and mostly read Less Wrong to find cool things they could mention in a debate on similar topics; people who sometimes watch a StarCraft video on YouTube, but actually didn't play it for months). Now you are doing a survey about whether the readers of the website somehow differ from the general population. I would expect that those 10 obsessed ones do, but those 1000 recreational readers don't. If you put them both in the same category, the obsessed ones make only 1% in the category, so whatever are their special traits, they will disappear in the whole. For example (completely made up numbers here), let's assume that an average person has a 1% probability of becoming a vegetarian, those 1000 recreational LW readers also have a 1% probability, the 100 moderate LW readers have probability 2%, and the hardcore ones have a probability of 20% (that would be a huge difference compared with the average population). Add them all together, you have 1110 people, of whom 0.01 × 1000 + 0.02 × 100 + 0.2 × 10 = 14 vegetarians; that means 1.26% of the LW readers -- almost the same as the 1% of the general population. This is further complicated by the fact that you can more easily select professional StarCraft pla
2Elo
http://lesswrong.com/lw/2p5/humans_are_not_automatically_strategic/ Welcome! If my worldview was, "animals are inferior and their suffering is irrelevant".
Zarm00

Thank you for the polite and formal response! I understand what you're saying about the chicken and fish. Pescetarian is much better than just eating all the red meat you can get your hands on.

When you look at animal suffering, things get a lot more speculative. Clearly you can't treat a chicken's suffering the same as a human's, but how many chickens does it take to be equivalent to a human? At what point is a chicken's life not worth living? This quickly bogs down in questions of the repugnant conclusion, a standard paradox in utilitarianism. Although

... (read more)
0Elo
It's sustainable in the sense that we can keep doing it for a very long time. This may be more what you were talking about.
Zarm10

Why do you think that rationalism would lead people to becoming veg(etari)an?

Because it is the rational choice. There are barely any benefits to eating meat and a ton for vegetarianism. Animals are conscious to pleasure and pain and can suffer (ask for sources - its a documented fact). If you gave any consideration at all to animals you would abhor factory farming as 50+billion die each year. Factory farming contributes to 50% of greenhouse emissions. On a macro-economic scale, plant foods are much more sustainable and many more people could be fed if w... (read more)

1Elo
This is a dangerous statement to make. Would you change your mind about Veg*ism? What would it take? We grow plants, many more are not automatically fed. Factory farming exists because it is efficient. There was a recent meta-study confirming that meat has no link to any of those. I would add the caveat that processed meats are less healthy, but that's a factor of the preservatives not the meat itself. If there is a healthy aspect to veg* it would be about extra effort applied to food maintenance as a lifestyle not about the benefits of vegetables instead of meat. (no link because I don't have it on hand but have asked around to see if I can find it) That depends on your world view. Not all plant matter is viable for human consumption. Humans can't eat grass. By feeding it to cows we can harvest nutrients from parts of the earth that are not always viable for human crops. You would make more friends around here describing yourself as, "aspiring rationalist" as we do. And being careful about the label "rational" and using it as an identity (see: keep your identity small)
1Lumifer
You are confused between rationality and values. Rationality concerns itself with empirical reality and with causality in this empirical reality. Rationality does not tell you which things you must like, which rights you must respect, or which goals you must pursue. For example, "animal rights" is not a rationality argument, it's a values argument. Equality of rights, equality of opportunities, or equality of outcomes?
1g_pepper
If concern over greenhouse gas emissions is a part of your argument for veg(etari)anism, you may wish to remove rice from your recommended vegetarian food list. Rice cultivation is a major source of anthropogenic atmospheric methane.
Zarm10

Hey! My name's Jared and I'm a senior in high school. I guess I started being a "rationalist" a couple months ago (or a bit more) when I started looking at the list of cognitive biases on Wikipedia. I've tried very hard to mitigate almost all of them as much as I can and I plan on furthering myself down this path. I've read a lot of the sequences on here and I like to read a lot of rationalwiki and I also try to get information from many different sources.

As for my views, I am first a rationalist and make sure I am open to changing my mind about ... (read more)

2Lumifer
Why do you think that rationalism would lead people to becoming veg(etari)an? And a counter question: since you are a rationalist, how come you're an ancom?
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