It's not a fully general counterargument, it demands that you weigh the probabilities of potential outcomes.
If you look both ways at a crosswalk, you could be hit by a falling object that you would have avoided if you hadn't paused in that location. Does that justify not looking both ways at a crosswalk? No, because the probability of something bad happening to you if you don't look both ways at the crosswalk is higher than if you do.
You can always come up with absurd hypotheticals which would punish the behavior that would normally be rational in a particular situation. This doesn't justify being paralyzed with indecision, the probabilities of the absurd hypotheticals materializing are miniscule. But the possibilities of absurd hypotheticals will tend to balance out other absurd hypotheticals.
Transparent Newcomb's Problem is a problem that rewards agents which one-box in Transparent Newcomb's Problem, via Omega predicting whether the agent one-boxes in Transparent Newcomb's Problem and filling the boxes accordingly. Inverted Transparent Newcomb's Problem is one that rewards agents that two-box in Transparent Newcomb's Problem via Omega predicting whether the agent two-boxes in Transparent Newcomb's Problem, and filling the boxes accordingly.
If one type of situation is more likely than the other, you adjust your expected utilities accordingly, just as you adjust your expected utility of looking both ways before you cross the street because you're less likely to suffer an accident if you do than if you don't.
Transparent Newcomb's Problem is a problem that rewards agents which one-box in Transparent Newcomb's Problem
Yes.
Inverted Transparent Newcomb's Problem is one that rewards agents that two-box in Transparent Newcomb's Problem via Omega predicting whether the agent two-boxes in Transparent Newcomb's Problem, and filling the boxes accordingly.
That isn't an 'inversion' but instead an entirely different problem in which agents are rewarded for things external to the problem.
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