Unpack #1 a bit.
Are you looking for information about situations where an individual's decisions should include predicted decisions by others (which will in turn take into account the individual's decisions)? The (Game Theory Sequence)[http://lesswrong.com/lw/dbe/introduction_to_game_theory_sequence_guide/] is a good starting point.
Or are you looking for cases where "individual" is literally not the decision-making unit? I don't have any good less-wrong links, but both (Public Choice Theory)[http://lesswrong.com/lw/2hv/public_choice_and_the_altruists_burden/] and the idea of sub-personal decision modules come up occasionally.
Both topics fit into the overall framework of classical decision theory (naive or not, you decide) and expected value.
Items 2-4 don't contradict classical decision theory, but fall somewhat outside of it. decision theory generally looks at instrumental rationality - how to best get what one wants, rather than questions of what to want.
Thanks for the references.
I am interested in answering questions of "what to want." Not only is it important for individual decision-making, but there are also many interesting ethical questions. If a person's utility function can be changed through experience, is it ethical to steer it in a direction that would benefit you? Take the example of religion: suppose you could convince an individual to convert to a religion, and then further convince them to actively reject new information that would endanger their faith. Is this ethical? (My opi...
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